OBJECTIVES LEARNING

Define organizational behavior (OB). 2. Describe what managers do. 3. Explain the value of the systematic study of OB. 4. List the major challenges and opportunities for managers to use OB concepts. 5. Identify the contributions made by major behavioral science disciplines to OB.
1.

O B J E C T I V E S (contd)

6.
7.

LEARNING

Describe why managers require a knowledge of OB. Explain the need for a contingency approach to the study of OB.

After studying this chapter you should be able to:

Define organizational behavior. Identify the functions that comprise the management process and relate them to organizational behavior. Relate organizational behavior to basic managerial roles and skills.

Describe contemporary organizational behavior.

Discuss contextual perspectives on organizational behavior.

Managerial Activities Make decisions Allocate resources Direct activities of others to attain goals

Planning

Organizing

Management Functions

Controlling

Leading

The well-known industrialist of U.S.A late Andrew , when sold his famous 'United State Steel Corporation', he showed his confidence in organization by uttering the following words, "Take away our factories, take away our trade, ... . our avenues of transportation, .. our money, . leave nothing ..but in four years, .... we shall re-established ourselves.

Definitions of Organization
"Organization may be defined as a group of individuals, large of small, that is cooperating under the direction of executive leadership in accomplishment of certain common object. - Keith Davis, "Organization is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing relationship for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives. - Louis A. Allen

Meaning of Organization: organization is the structure or mechanism (machinery) that enables living things to work together. In a static sense, an organization is a structure or machinery manned by group of individuals who are working together towards a common goal.
Organization as a Process: Organization as a Framework of Relationship: Organization as a Group of persons: Organization as a System:

In short, organizing is Determining, grouping and arranging the various activities deemed necessary for the attainment of the objectives, Assigning of people to those activities, Providing suitable physical factors of environment & Indicating the relative authority delegated to each individual charged with the execution of each respective activity.

Outlining the Objectives: Identifying and Enumerating the Activities: Assigning the Duties: Defining and Granting the Authority: Creating Authority Relationship:

Importance / Need / Advantages / Significance of Organization

It Facilitated Administration and management: It Help in the Growth of Enterprise: It Ensures Optimum Use of Human Resources: It Stimulates Creativity: A Tool of Achieving Objectives: Prevents Corruption: Co-ordination in the Enterprises: Eliminates Overlapping and Duplication or work: Sound or Good Organisation

The Right Brain According to the left-brain, right-brain dominance theory, the right side of the brain is best at expressive and creative tasks. Some of the abilities that are popularly associated with the right side of the brain include: Recognizing faces Expressing emotions Music Reading emotions Color Images Intuition Creativity

The Left Brain The left-side of the brain is considered to be adept at tasks that involve logic, language and analytical thinking. The left-brain is often described as being better at:

Language Logic Critical thinking Numbers Reasoning

Stoop Test: great Brain Teaser

Ready to test your Executive Attention capacity? Quick! say aloud what color you see in every word,

What is Organizational Behaviour?

Organization:A place where managers practice the art of management. An Institution or sub-units of an institution working together for a common goal. Organization Behavior: Its an study of human behavior. The study is about the behavior of people in an organization. Knowledge about human behavior and its usefulness in improving an organizations effectiveness.

OB is directly concerned with the understanding, predicting &controlling of human behavior in Organizations - Fred Luthaus. Organization behavior encompasses a wide range of topics such as human behavior, change, leadership, teams etc. OB is also a field of study. It studies 3 determinants of behavior in organizations:Individual. Group. Organization. To sum up OB is concerned with:Study of what people do in the organization. How behavior effects the performance of the organization.

Organizational behaviour can be defined as the study and application of knowledge about human behaviour related to other elements of an organization such as structure, technology and social systems - LM Prasad. Organizational behaviour as a systematic study of the actions and attitudes that people exhibit within organizations. - Stephen P Robins

Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of:

Human behavior in organizational settings The interface between human behavior and

the organization
The organization itself

Studying organizational behavior can clarify factors that affect how managers manage by:
Describing the complex human context of

organizations
Defining the associated opportunities, problems,

challenges, and issues

Isolating important aspects of the managers job
Offering specific perspectives on the human side of

management

Studying OB helps managers understand:

The behaviors of others in the organization

Personal needs, motives, behaviors, feelings and career dynamics Attitudinal processes, individual differences, group dynamics, inter group dynamics, organization culture, power, and political behavior
Interactions with people outside of the organization and

other organizations
The environment, technology, and global issues

KEY ELEMENTS OF OB: People Technology Structure Environment

FOUNDATIONS OF OB: Individual Differences Whole person Caused behavior Human dignity Organization as social system Mutuality of Interest Holistic Concept Need for Management

Scope of OB Individuals. Groups of Individuals organisation as a whole Need for study of OB Helps to understand self and others better Effective management of people Tackle human problems humanly Predict the human behaviour Effective utilisation of human resources

Organizations can have a powerful influence on our lives:

Most people are born and educated in organizations Most people acquire most of their material

possessions from organizations

Most people die as members of organizations

Many of our activities are regulated by governmental

organizations
Most people spend most of their lives in organizations

Management Functions Planning Organizing Resources Used by Managers Leading Human Controlling Financial Physical Information

1. Responding to Globalization i) Increased foreign assignments ii) Working with People from different cultures iii) Coping with anti capitalism backlash. iv) Overseeing movement of jobs to the countries with low- cost labor v) Managing people during the war on terror 2. Managing workforce Diversity I. Embracing diversity ii. Changing demographics 3. Improving quality and productivity 4. Improving customer service 5. Stimulating innovation and changes 6. Working in networked organizations 7. Creating a positive work environment 8. Improving ethical behaviour

Improving People Skills Empowering People Coping with Temporariness Stimulation Innovation and Change Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts Improving Ethical Behavior

Leader must be able to describe, understand, predict and control individual behaviour in the organization. This is explained in the succeeding paragraphs. (a) Describe: Study of organizational behaviour is based on scientific methods, (b) Understand: Leaders must understand human behaviour as to why people behave in particular manner and try to identify reasons so that corrective actions can be taken. (c) Predict: By frequent closer interaction, a leader is in a position to identify the nature of workers. (d) Control: Managers in the organizations should train their subordinates continuously;& should know when to control where to control& how to control

MODELS of OB:
Autocratic - The basis of this model is power with a managerial orientation of Authority Custodial - The basis of this model is economic resources with a managerial orientation of Money. Supportive -The basis of this model is leadership with the managerial orientation of support. Collegial - The basis of this model is partnership with the managerial orientation of Team work.

Bases of Organizational Behaviour 1. Sociology: The study of group human behaviour 2. Psychology: The science or study of individual human behaviour 3. Social Psychology: Studies influences of people on one another 4. Anthropology: Study of the human race, and culture 5. Political Science: Behaviour of individuals in political environment.

Independent Variables

Individual-Level Variables

Group-Level Variables

Organization System-Level Variables

Planning

Determining an organizations desired future position and the best means of getting there Designing jobs, grouping jobs into units, and establishing patterns of authority between jobs and units Getting organizational members to work together toward the organizations goals Monitoring and correcting the actions of the organization and its members to keep them directed toward their goals

Organizing

Leading Controlling

Basic Managerial Roles

Interpersonal Informational Decision-Making

look carefully & say what it is.......

The Glass is half ______

looks different in terms of attitude???

Thinking it all Thinking it all +ive ive

The Glass is half EMPTY

The Glass is half FULL

Technical

Skills necessary to accomplish specific tasks within the organization

Interpersonal

Skills used to communicate with, understand, and motivate individuals and groups
Skills used in abstract thinking Skills to understand cause-effect relationships and to recognize optimal solutions to problems

Conceptual Diagnostic

1. Traditional management Decision making, planning, and controlling 2. Communications Exchanging routine information and processing paperwork 3. Human resource management Motivating, disciplining, managing conflict, staffing, and training 4. Networking Socializing, politicking, and Interacting with others

 People Structure Technology Job Processes External Environment

Characteristics of the Field

Interdisciplinary in focus Descriptive in nature

Basic Concepts of the Field

1. Individual processes

2. Interpersonal processes
3. Organizational processes/characteristics

Systems Perspective Contextual Perspectives on Organizational Behavior Situational Perspective

Contingency
Interactional

System
An interrelated set of elements that function as

a wholeinputs are combined/transformed by managers into outputs from the system.

Value of the Systems Perspective

Underscores the importance of an

organizations environment
Conceptualizes the flow and interaction of

various elements of the organization.

The Situational Perspective

Recognizes that most organizational situations

and outcomes are influenced by other variables

The Universal Model

Presumes a direct cause-and-effect linkage

between variables
Complexities of human behavior and

organizational settings make universal conclusions virtually impossible

Interaction list Perspective

Focuses on how individuals and situations

interact continuously to determine individuals behavior

Attempts to explain how people select,

interpret, and change various situations.

Managers work toward accomplishing the various goals (outcomes) that exist at specific levels in an organization:
Individual-level outcomes
Group-level outcomes

Organizational-level outcomes

Based on your reading of the chapter opening case:

Why is employee morale at Microsoft so low

despite excellent pay, benefits, and working conditions? Microsofts Lisa Brummel need to use to convince her fellow Microserfs that the organization really cares about them? most critical problems occurring?

Which basic managerial roles and skills does

At which level in the Microsoft organization are the

Survival Scenario

1. 2.

3. 4.

Break into teams of about 6 to 12 people. A plane or boat has crashed and landed in a deserted location. Each member must make a list of the 12 most important items needed to survive. Then rank the 12 items by importance. Then the group must compare their lists & come up with an agreed-upon list of 12 items.

Objective: You can share with the group about your individual strengths and positive traits that contribute to the overall success of the group.

U can analyze about u & ur friend It will guide u to identify about u & ur friends good & bad traits You can think about other attributes which you can process for ur empowerment.

The groups should make the "ultimate team memberCREATE A - A NEW PERSON

By combining all your best traits into one imaginary person. Name that "person and also draw a picture of him/her on the large sheet of paper with different attributes labeled Then you have to write a story about that person. The story should highlight all of the amazing things about your imaginary person can do with all of the awesome characteristics he/she process as per you.

Discussion Prompts: 1. If one person had all of your best traits would he/she be much better than any one person in your group? 2. How can you as a group member contribute to the team? 3. How does working as a team make things easier for each person? 4. What can you do s a team than you can't do by yourself? 5. What other attributes do you think you have to contribute to the team that were not mentioned in your story? 6. What other attributes do others in your group have that were not mentioned in your story?