AVR ATMEGA 8 MICRO-CONTROLLER

INTRODUCTION
ATmega8 is a 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR RISC architecture By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega8 achieves throughput approaching 1 MIPS per MHz

Contd.... In order to maximize performance and parallelism, the AVR uses a Harvard architecture- which separates memories and buses for program and data Instruction in program memory are executed with single level pipelining This concept enables instructions to be executed in every clock cycle

FEATURES
High-performance 8 bit Microcontroller Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers Six ADC channels in PDIP package Internal Calibrated Oscillator

TYPES OF PACKAGES
28-pin PDIP (Plastic Dual In-line Package) 32-pin TQFP (Thin Quad film Package)

MEMORY SEGMENTS
8K Bytes of Flash program memory 512 Bytes EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) 1K Byte Internal RAM (Random Access Memory)

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Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM Data retention: 20 years at 85C/100 years at 25C

PIN OUT

PIN DESCRIPTION
VCC Digital supply voltage GND Ground RESET A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running AREF The analog reference pin for the A/D Converter

Contd.... AVCC The supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter

PORTS
Three ports i.e PortB, PortC, PortD Three registers associated with every port DDRx Data Direction Register PINx Port input PORTx- Port output

*Note x is subscript and could be either of B, C, D

Port B (PB7..PB0)
Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port
Can be used either as a input port or as output port ( direction must be specified in programming)

REGISTER DESCRIPTION OF I/O PORTS

Port C (PC5..PC0)
Port C is an 7-bit bi-directional I/O port
Can be used either as a input port or as output port ( direction must be specified in programming)

Port D (PD7..PD0)
Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port
Can be used either as a input port or as output port ( direction must be specified in coding)

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Thank you