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Assignment: Read 5.

6 up to sample (238-9)
1. Define

the following terms: yield, theoretical yield, actual yield, percentage yield. 2. Based on your reading, give 4 reasons why the actual yield in a chemical reaction often falls short of the theoretical yield. 3. Read the sample problem on the next slide and try the practice problem on slide number 5 4. When 5.00 g of KClO3 is heated it decomposes according to the equation: 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 a) Calculate the theoretical yield of oxygen. b) Give the % yield if 1.78 g of O2 is produced. c) How much O2 would be produced if the percentage yield was 78.5%?

Answers 1) Yield: the amount of product Theoretical yield: the amount of product we expect, based on stoichiometric calculations Actual yield: amount of product from a procedure or experiment (this is given in the question) Percent yield: actual yield x 100% theoretical yield 2) Not all product is recovered (e.g. spattering) Reactant impurities (e.g. weigh out 100 g of chemical which has 20 g of junk) A side reaction occurs (e.g. MgO vs. Mg3N2) The reaction does not go to completion

Sample problem
Q - What is the % yield of H2O if 138 g H2O is produced from 16 g H2 and excess O2? Step 1: write the balanced chemical equation 2H2 + O2 2H2O Step 2: determine actual and theoretical yield. Actual is given, theoretical is calculated: # g H2O= 16 g H2 x1 mol H2 x2 mol H2Ox 18.02 g H2O 143 g = 2.02 g H2 2 mol H2 1 mol H2O Step 3: Calculate % yield % yield = actual x 100% = 138 g H2Ox 100% = 96.7% theoretical 143 g H2O

Practice problem
Q - What is the % yield of NH3 if 40.5 g NH3 is produced from 20.0 mol H2 and excess N2? Step 1: write the balanced chemical equation N2 + 3H2 2NH3 Step 2: determine actual and theoretical yield. Actual is given, theoretical is calculated: # g NH3= 20.0 mol H2 x 2 mol NH3 x 17.04 g NH3= 227 g 3 mol H2 1 mol NH3 Step 3: Calculate % yield % yield = actual x 100% = 40.5 g NH3 x 100% = 17.8% theoretical 227 g NH3

Answers
4) 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 a)
b)

# g O2= (also works if you use mol O2) 5.00 g KClO3 x 1 mol KClO3 x 3 mol O2 x 32 g O2 122.55 g KClO3 2 mol KClO3 1 mol O2 = 1.958 g % yield = actual x 100% = 1.78 g O2 x 100% = 90.9% theoretical 1.958 g O2
c)

% yield =

actual x g O2 x 100% = x 100% = 78.5% theoretical 1.958 g O2 x g O2 = 78.5% x 1.958 g O2 = 1.537 g O2 100%

Challenging question
2H2 + O2 2H2O What is the % yield of H2O if 58 g H2O are produced by combining 60 g O2 and 7.0 g H2? Hint: determine limiting reagent first # g H2O= 60 g O2 x1 mol O2 x2 mol H2Ox 18.02 g H2O 68 g = 32 g O2 1 mol O2 1 mol H2O # g H2O= 7.0 g H2 x1 mol H2 x2 mol H2Ox 18.02 g H2O 62.4 g = 2.02 g H2 2 mol H2 1 mol H2O % yield = actual 58 g H2O x 100% = x 100% = 92.9% theoretical 62.4 g H2O

More Percent Yield Questions


Note: try shortcut for limiting reagent problems
1.

The electrolysis of water forms H2 and O2. 2H2O 2H2 + O2 What is the % yield of O2 if 12.3 g of O2 is produced from the decomposition of 14.0 g H2O?

2.

107 g of oxygen is produced by heating 300 grams of potassium chlorate. Calculate % yield. 2KClO3 2KCI + 3O2 What is the % yield of ferrous sulphide if 3.00 moles of Fe reacts with excess sulfur to produce 220 grams of ferrous sulphide? Fe + S FeS

3.

More Percent Yield Questions


4.

5.

Iron pyrites (FeS2) reacts with oxygen according to the following equation: 4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 If 300 g of iron pyrites is burned in 200 g of O2, 143 grams of ferric oxide is produced. What is the percent yield of ferric oxide? 70 grams of manganese dioxide is mixed with 3.5 moles of hydrochloric acid. How many grams of Cl2 will be produced from this reaction if the % yield for the process is 42%? MnO2 + 4HCI MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

Q1
1. The electrolysis of water forms H2 & O2. 2H2O 2H2 + O2 Give the percent yield of O2 if 12.3 g O2 is produced from the decomp. of 14 g H2O? Actual yield is given: 12.3 g O2 Next, calculate theoretical yield
# g O2= 14.0 g H2O x 1 mol H2O x 1 mol O2 x 32 g O2 = 12.43 g 18.02 g H2O 2 mol H2O 1 mol O2 Finally, calculate % yield % yield = actual x 100% = 12.3 g O2 x 100% = 98.9% theoretical 12.43 g O2

Q2
2. 107 g of oxygen is produced by heating 300 grams of potassium chlorate. 2KClO3 2KCI + 3O2 Actual yield is given: 107 g O2 Next, calculate theoretical yield
# g O2= 300 g KClO3 x 1 mol KClO3 x 3 mol O2 x 32 g O2 122.55 g KClO3 2 mol KClO3 1 mol O2 = 117.5 g Finally, calculate % yield % yield = actual x 100% = 107 g O2 x 100% = 91.1% theoretical 117.5 g O2

Q3
3. What is % yield of ferrous sulfide if 3 mol Fe produce 220 grams of ferrous sulfide? Fe + S FeS Actual yield is given: 220 g FeS Next, calculate theoretical yield
# g FeS= 3.00 mol Fe x 1 mol FeS x 87.91 g FeS= 263.7 g 1 mol Fe 1 mol FeS

Finally, calculate % yield % yield = actual x 100% = 220 g O2 x 100% = 83.4% theoretical 263.7 g O2

4. 4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 If 300 g of FeS2 is burned in 200 g of O2, 143 g Fe2O3 results. % yield Fe2O3? First, determine limiting reagent

# g Fe2O3= 300 g FeS2 x 1 mol FeS2 x 2 mol Fe2O3 x159.7 g Fe2O3 119.97 g FeS2 4 mol FeS2 1 mol Fe2O3 = 199.7 g Fe2O3 200 g O2 x 1 mol O2 x 2 mol Fe2O3 x159.7 g Fe2O3 32 g O2 11 mol O2 1 mol Fe2O3 = 181.48 g Fe2O3 % yield = actual x 100% = 143 g Fe2O3 x 100% = 78.8% theoretical 181.48 g Fe2O3

# g Cl2=

5. 70 g of MnO2 + 3.5 mol HCl gives a 42% yield. How many g of Cl2 is produced? MnO2 + 4HCI MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

70 g MnO2 x 1 mol MnO2 x 1 mol Cl2 x 70.9 g Cl2 86.94 g MnO2 1 mol MnO2 1 mol Cl2 = 57.08 g Cl2 3.5 mol HCl x 1 mol Cl2 x 71 g Cl2 = 62.13 g Cl2 4 mol HCl 1 mol Cl2 x g Cl2 % yield = actual x 100%= x 100% = 42% theoretical 57.08 g Cl2 x g Cl2 = 42% x 57.08 g Cl2 = 24 g Cl2 100%
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