Little Egypt of Illinois AEYC conference at Shawnee Community College

Journey to Excellence: A Journey that Never Ends

Why Daycare?
Gary Direnfeld, MSW, RSW
Josh Gary Zack Arlene Brennan

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Why Daycare?
To meet societal needs

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What are the social roots of daycare? What is the developmental history of daycare? What needs does daycare meet? What are the societal missions of daycare? What are the societal needs of daycare for the New Millennium?

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1. The Roots of Daycare

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Historically, there have been 2 roots:

Childcare for poor and working parents

and

Providing educational advantage to children of the economically advantaged.

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How have the roots grown?

What is the developmental history of daycare?

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1762 Philosopher Jean-Jacques Roussueau states that a child's mode of thinking is different than an adult and they learn though hands-on experience. 1801 Johann Pestalozzi established what is considered to the first school to teach preschool age children. 1837 Children's Garden (Kindergarten) started in Germany by Friedrich Froebel. 1854 The Nursery School for Children of Poor Women was opened in cooperation with Children's Hospital of New York City.

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1873 First public school kindergarten started in St. Louis. 1898 Hull House, a settlement house for immigrants, establishes a day nursery. 1907 Maria Montesorri opens the Children's House in Rome. 1926 National Association for the Education of Young Children is founded. Now over 100,000 members and 400 affiliates.

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 1964 Head Start is funded by the Economic Opportunities Act. 1969 The first Kindercare center is opened. 1982 National Association for Family Day Care is founded. 1985 San Francisco becomes the first large city to require developers to set aside space of funds for child care space.

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1985 National Academy of Early Childhood Programs is established by NAEYC for voluntary accreditation of center based programs. 1988 The U.S. Department of Education establishes Even Start, a parent education/literacy program. 1990 Child Care and Development Grant CCDBG {PL101-508}is enacted. 1996 The Stand for Children Campaign begins. Initiated by the Children's Defense Fund.

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1900 20% of women in the workforce, but under social pressure to remain at home.

1930 depression era. 23.6% of women in the workforce. Whoever can work, does. Daycare is to provide basic necessities of food and clothing for the most needy and place of safety for working poor.
1940 WWII. 25.8% of women in workforce. Women required to work for the war effort. Daycare provides place of safety and development for mothers working on the war effort.

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1950 more than 35.7% of women are in the workforce. Child care is viewed as harmful to children yet nursery schools used by the affluent is viewed as providing positive enrichment 1965 40% of women are in the workforce. Head Start programs begin as an anti-poverty program. 1975 46.3% of women are in the workforce. 1985 52.9% of women are in the workforce. 1997 59.8% of women are in the workforce.

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What needs does daycare meet?

Yeah What does daycare do for me?

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Shelter Food / Nutrition Basic care

Supervision Education Societal Missions

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Societal Missions
1920s 1930s: Poverty social support 1940s: The war effort 1950s present: Social advantage 1960s 1970s: Social/Racial Integration 1980s 1990s: Integration of children with special needs 2000 ???
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The Next Challenge

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Social Integration on a Global Scale

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How do others prepare for the global community?

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Preparing children for the global community

Race:
a class or kind of people unified by community of interests, habits or characteristics

Culture:
the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious or social group

Language:
the words, their pronunciation, and the methods of combining them, used and understood by a community

Lifestyle:
the typical way of life of an individual, group or culture

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