Personality

Origin Of The Word Personality

Its a Latin word. Spelt Persona or Personnaire. Meaning Mask (Used by theatrical Players in dramas)

What is PERSONALITY?
Personality is not a persons charm, a positive attitude towards life, a smiling face or a happiest and friendliest behaviour. But it is a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a persons whole psychological system.

Definition:

Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others.

Determinants of personality
Family & Social factors
1.Socialisation process (Behaviour from family & social group) 2. Identification process ( Selecting ideal person) 3. Home environment (Brought up) 4.Social Group.

Biological factors 1. 2. 3. Heredity Brain Physical features

Cultural factors

Situational factors

1. Independence- Australia 2. Aggression- North Korea 3. Competition- India 4. Co-operation- Japan

1.Positive behaviour 2.Negative behaviour

Primary Traits
1. Reserved vs Outgoing 2. Less intelligent vs More intelligent 3. Affected by feeling vs Emotionally stable 4. Serious vs Happy-go-lucky 5. Expedient (Needs supervision) vs Conscientious (Self disciplined) 6. Timid (Shy) vs Venture some 7. Tough-minded vs Sensitive 8. Trusting vs Suspicious 9. Practical vs Imaginative 10.Forthright vs Shrewd 11.Self-assured vs Apprehensive 12.Conservative vs Experimenting 13.Group dependent vs Self sufficient 14.Uncontrolled vs Controlled 15.Relaxed vs Tense 16.Submissive vs Dominant

Hollands Personality Type

1. Realistic (Practical, Shy, Materialistic, Stable) Does what they thinks is right without affecting others. 2. Investigative (Analytic, introverted, Curious, Precise, Independent) Always thinks and takes decision. 3. Social (Sociable, Outgoing, Conscientious, Need for affiliation) Very friendly and accepts others decisions. 4. Conventional (Dependable, Disciplined, Orderly, Efficient) Does what rules says [Doesnt relaxes the rules for any purpose]. 5. Enterprising (Confident, Assertive, Energetic, Need for power) People having need for power and who can entertain others. 6. Artistic (Creative, Impulsive, idealistic, Intuitive, Emotional) Creative always does some thing different.

Personality Measurements
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs type indicator [MBTI]. Briggs Myers Developed Myers-

It is a personality inventory designed to identify individuals basic preferences for perceiving and processing information.
Carl Jung identifies the way people prefer to perceive their environment as well as obtain and process information. Jung suggested that every one is either extroverted or introverted, sensing or intuition, and thinking or feeling. MBTI adds one more to this as judging versus perceiving.

MBTI Dimensions
1.Extrovert and Introvert Extrovert It is the quality of being comfortable with relationship. Introvert It is the quality characterised by more social discomfort.

2. Sensing and Intuition Sensing They use an organised structure to acquire factual details. Prefer Quantitative details. (Objective) Sensors can synthesise large amount of random information to form quick conclusions. Intuition They collect information non- systematically. Rely on qualitative details. (Subjective) Intutors rely on their own intuition and sheer inspiration.

3. Thinking and feeling

Thinking They rely on rational cause-effect logic and scientific method to make decisions They weigh the evidence unemotionally. Feeling Feeling type consider how their choices affect others. They weigh the options against their personal values.

4. Judging and Perceiving

Judging Judging people prefer order and structure in their relationship with outer world. Judging people enjoy decision making and want to resolve problem quickly. Perceiving Perceiving type people are more flexible.

Perceiving type like to spontaneously adopt to events and like to keep options open.

Conclusion:
MBTI questionnaire combines 4 pairs of traits into 16 distinct types. These types indicate peoples preferences, not the way they necessarily behave all of the time. [Assignment Find MBTIS 16 Distinct types] Note: MBTI seems to improve self-awareness for career development and mutual understanding, but it probably should not be used in selecting job applicants.

The Big 5 Personality Dimensions

These traits presumed to be important in determining the behaviour of individuals in organisation. Personality Factors Characters
1. Conscientiousness Careful, dependable and self disciplined Courteous, good natured, empathic and caring. Poised, secure and calm. Sensitive, flexible, creative and curious. Outgoing and cautious.

2.

Agreeableness

3. 4.

Neuroticism Openness

5.

Extroversion

Major personality attributes influencing OB

1. Type-A: Excessively competitive and have a sense of time urgency. Activitys of Type-A category: a. They always move, walk, and eat rapidly. b. They feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place. c. Strive to think or do two or more things at once. d. Cannot cope with leisure time. e. They are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire. Competitive

2. Type-B: They are rarely hurried by the desire to obtain things or participate in many events in ever-decreasing time. Activitys of Type-B category:

a. Never suffer from a sense of time urgency. b. Feel no need to display or discuss their achievements or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation. c. Play for fun and relaxation rather than to exhibit their superiority. d. Can relax without guilt.
Conclusion: Type-A - Leaders. Type-B - Socialisers.

2. Locus of Control:
Externals who believe that their lives is due to luck, chance or fate.

Internals who believe that they are masters of their own fate.
This perception is called LOCUS OF CONTROL. Externals are less satisfied as to internals Job satisfaction and absence.

3.

Machiavellianism: They are the people who are comfortable with getting more than they deserve and they believe that deceit is a natural way to achieve this goal.

4. Self-Monitoring: It refers to an individuals level of sensitivity to the expressive behaviour of others. High self-monitors a. Can adjust their behavior quite easily to the situation. Low self-monitors a. Reveal more of their moods and personality characters. It is easy to predict their behaviour.

b. They are no good in these b. They are good at social aspects. networking, interpersonal conversations and leading people.
Note: High self-monitors is capable of putting on different FACES for different audiences.

5. Self-esteem: People differ in the degree to which they like or dislike themselves is called self-esteem.
High self-esteem Low self-esteem

a. Believe their ability to a. They are susceptible to succeed and would take external influence. more risky jobs. b. They take unpopular b. They seek approval from decisions. others whom they respect and take decisions to please them.

6. Risk taking: High risk takers would take decisions on less/ lack of information whereas low risk takers seek complete information both quantitative and qualitative.

Note: This attribute differs from profession to profession.