Active Power

Measured in watts (normally shown as kW). Provides the working part of the power system. Producing heat, movement

Reactive Power
Measured in volt-ampere-reactive (normally shown as kVAr). Sustains the electromagnetic field. Provides no working part of the power system.

Apparent Power
Measured in Volt-Ampere (normally shown as kVA). Provided both working and nonworking parts of the power system.

Pure Resistive Load

Pure Capacitive And Inductive Load.

Basic Plant Load.

Effects of Reactive Energy

Benefits of reactive energy management

Savings on the electricity bill Decrease in kVA demand Eliminate penalties on reactive energy

Reduce power loss in transformers

Example: Loss reduction in a 630 kVA transformer PW = 6,500 W(assumed) with an initial Power Factor = 0.7. With power factor correction, we obtain a final Power Factor = 0.98 The losses become: 3,316 W, i.e. a reduction of 49%.

Increase in available power

A high power factor optimizes an electrical installation. Fitting PFC equipment on Low Voltage side of transformers increases available power at secondary of LV transformers. The table shows the increased available power at the transformer output by improving Power Factor from 0.7 to 1.

Reduction in line current

Installation of PFC equipment results in,
Reduction in current drawn from source Reduction in conductor cross section and reduced losses The table shows the Multiplying Factor(MF) for the conductor cross section increase for fall in power factor.

Type of Power factor correction.

1.Synchronous Condensers

2.Capacitor Banks

1.Synchronous Condensers
Synchronous condensers are fundamentally a synchronous motor that is not connected to any driven load. Once started and connected to the electrical system it operates at full leading power factor to put VARs into the network to support the system voltage or maintain the system power factor at the desired level.

2.Capacitor Banks

ePFC Electronic VAr compensator with IGBT

APFC panels with contactors

Calculation of Capacitor ratings kvar

harmonics

Questions?

Thank you.