HDTV Standards

Muhammad Ameen Qureshi

MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION

Contents
Standards ATSC - Video Communications (Modulation schemes)

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The World Divided

Over-The-Air, cable and satellite broadcast Three standards of HDTV [1] North America
ATV (ATSC by Grand Alliance)

Europe
Digital Video Broadcast in Europe

Japan
MUSE
Multiple sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding
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Advanced Television Systems Committee Standards- Video

Based on ITU-R HDTV Specs.
Recommendation BT.709

1920 samples/line; 1152 lines/frame; aspect ratio 16/9

1080 lines visible Square pixels (aspect ratio 1:1)

MPEG-2 video encoding Interlaced scanning with 4:2:0 (YCbCr) 6 MHz broadcast channel
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More Resolutions
Also 1280 x 720; 16/9
Progressive

Main Profile @ High Level (MP@HL) of MPEG2 Number of Pixels (per Aspect Display Rate
Lines 1080 720 480 480 line) 1920 1280 704 640 Ratio 16:9 16:9 4:3 or 16:9 4:3 60i, 30p, 24p 60p, 30p, 24p 60p, 60i, 30p, 24p 60p, 60i, 30p, 24p
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720p vs 1080i
Progressive scan doesnt produce flicker 1080 produces better quality when picture not moving/less moving Temporal resolution of 1080i20 (and 1080p30) is only 12% better than 720p60 1080p50 and 1080p60 are underdevelopment and deployment [2]

MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION

ASTC - Video
720p (24,30,60 Hz or 23.976, 29.97, 59.94Hz) 1080i (29.97, 30 Hz or 60 fields/s) 1080p (limited to 30 Hz) Terrestrial transmission rate: 19.39Mbits/s
80 Mbits/s max in MP@HL theoretically 18.3Mbits/s after all overheads

1080p goes beyond this rate Progressive Segmented Frame (PsF)

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ASTC Audio Compression

Dolby Digital AC-3
5.1 channel sound Bitrate 192 kbps, near CD-quality

Why Dolby? [3]

Used in studios, cinemas FCC ruling for HDTV to use 5.1 channel Uses full range 3Hz 20KHz Used intensively over the years became standard
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Transmission - Modulation
Terrestrial Transmission using 8-VSB Controversy:
COFDM is better Multipath Interference in 8VSB

Cable: 16-VSB enabling throughput of 38 Mbps in 6MHz channel

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Digital Video Broadcast (Europe)

4/3 aspect ratio 1440 samples/line; 1152 lines per frame (1080 visible) at 25Hz Twice the resolution of PAL (720x576) SSP@H1440
Spatially-scaleable profile at high 1440 Similar to MP@HL of MPEG-2

Audio Compression: MPEG Audio Layer 2 Modulation: COFDM

8MHz channel 24 Mbps bandwidth Immune to multipath effect
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SSP@H1440
Spatial scalability:[4] Designed to support different spatial resolution displays One common bitstream Base Layer: encodes a spatially down-sampled video sequence Enhancement layer: encodes extra information for higher spatial resolution displays SDTV vs HDTV
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ATSC vs DVB

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MUSE (Japan)
Multi-Nyquist Sampling Encoding Earliest operating HDTV (Analog) 16/9 aspect ratio 1920 samples/line 1035 lines/frame Video compression similar to MP@HL

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References
[1] Multimedia Communication, Application, Protocols, Networks and Standards, Fred Halsall [2] http://editorials.teamxbox.com/xbox/1544/The-Facts-and-Fiction-of-1080p/p2/ [3] http://www.mp3-tech.org/ac3.html [4] ttp://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcoursecontents/IIT%20Kharagpur/Multimedia%20Processing/pdf/ssg_m8l24.pdf Generally: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee_standards http://www.fh-friedberg.de/fachbereiche/e2/telekomlabor/zinke/mk/mpeg2beg/beginnzi.htm#Profiles%20and%20Levels

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