Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Objectives
State the purpose and functions of chucking, turning, and turning/milling centers
Identify the applications of computer numerical control (CNC) for turning centers Name the machining operations that may be performed simultaneously
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Research led to development of numerically controlled turning centers and chucking lathes
Could produce round work almost any contour automatically and efficiently
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Construction
Main operative parts of all turning centers basically same
Framework components and CNC components
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Bed
Headstock
Carriage
MCU
Servos
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Tooling
Toolholders for machining
Outside diameters located in lower turret and are preset Inside diameter mounted in dovetailed block and preset off machine by tool-setting gage
Mounted on upper turret
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Video display
Visual output of data, processes, and diagnostics
Input unit
Keyboard and/or diskettes used to communicate with system, enter setup and data
Program storage
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Follower rest
Used to support long, thin shafts
Bar-feeding mechanism
Permits machining of shafts and parts from bar stock smaller than spindle through-hole
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Programming Considerations
Programmer must be able to analyze part print and decide on sequence of machining operations Good practice to develop habit of labeling start and end points for both roughing and finishing operations Be certain the programming format suits your equipment before machining parts
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Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Inserts
Made from many types of material Great variety to suit any workpiece material or machining operation
Include carbide, coated carbide, ceramic, cermet, cubic boron nitride, and diamond coating
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G41 or G42 turns on tool nose radius for finish cuts Radius of each insert stored in numbered tool list of control tool management system
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Tool Offsets
Programmer must provide tool setup sheet for setup operator MCU will calculate correct position at which tool should be located to accurately machine part
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Radius
Part print drawn on just one side of centerline
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Codes
Function of some G-codes and M-codes may differ from function of those on machining center Many of common turning center G-codes and M-codes that conform to EIA standards shown in tables 77.1 and 77.2 in textbook
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Programming Procedures
CNC control units can vary from manufacturer to manufacturer
Important to follow programming manual supplied for each machine
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Relatively inexpensive Most of B- and M- codes apply to both bench-top CNC turning lathes and standard-size turning centers
Few variations
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Simple Programming
Example of notes and code to machine a sample part (radius programming) Program Notes
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Program in absolute mode (G90) All programming begins a zero point, centerline and right-hand face of part Carbide tool will be used for all operations Use radius programming Position established to right front corner for safety Material aluminum; cutting speed 600 sf/min, feed rate at .010 in.
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N30 M03
Command to MCU
Information needed N50 G84 X.500 Z-1.250 F.010 H.050 to carry out command N60 G00 X.500 Z.050 N70 G84 X.400 Z-.750 F.010 H.050 N80 G00 X.400 Z.050 : :
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Rewind stop code/parity check. G92 G24 Reference point offset Radius programming N10 G24 N20 G92 X.690 Z.1 X.690 Tool located .100 in. off the outside finish diameter/.690 in N30 M03 M03 Spindle ON clockwise from part centerline (X0) N40 G00 X.590 Z.050 G00 (point a) traverse rate Rapid X.590 Tool Full.100 in. in. Z.1 F.010 H.050 located .590 to Tool located code with N50 G84 X.500 Z-1.250 descriptions from part part face (Z0) right of centerline (point b) N60 G00 X.500 Z.050 Z.050 Tool located.050 in. in text Follow N70 G84 X.400 Z-.750 F.010 H.050 through forface from part better understanding! N80 G00 X.400 Z.050 : :
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