Laboratory Session 3

The skin

The integument from: http://faculty.irsc.edu/FACULTY/TFischer/AP1/skin.jpg

Layers of the Skin

The skin is divided into

three main layers:

Epidermis
Dermis Hypodermis/ Subcutaneous

layer

Skin histology from: http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/integumentary/Images/skthick 0021he.jpg

The Epidermis
The epidermis of the skin is

composed of four/ five layers:

Stratum basale basal layer;

cells continuously divide to produce keratinocytes; 10 -25% of cell are melanocytes Stratum spinosum prickly layer Stratum granulosum granular layer Stratum lucidum clear layer; visible only in thick skin Stratum corneum horny layer; 20-30 layers thick of dead cells Skin from: http://instruction.cvhs.okstate.edu/histology/HistologyReference/imagesco/skin23F.jpg

Pigmented Skin: Melanocytes

Thin skin from: http://protonbeam.org/histology/fieldTrip/thinSkin.jpg

Thin skin
Thin skin: has a thin stratum corneum is devoid of the stratum lucidum covers most of the body surface

Thin skin from: http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/images/8/87/Skthin040he.jpg

Thick skin
Thick skin:
has a thick stratum

corneum the stratum lucidm is present can be found on the sole of your feet and the palm of your hands

The integument from: http://faculty.irsc.edu/FACULTY/TFischer/AP1/skin.jpg

The Dermis
Two layers: Papillary layer of areolar connective tissue; contains dermal papillae Reticular layer of dense irregular connective tissue Contains blood and

lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers and accessory structures.

Thin skin from: http://protonbeam.org/histology/fieldTrip/thinSkin.jpg

Nerves
Meissners corpuscle light touch receptor Pacinian corpuscle deep pressure receptor Free nerve endings

Nerves from: http://www.nku.edu/~dempseyd/MEISSNERS4.jpg and http://www.nku.edu/~dempseyd/PACINIAN4.jpg respectfully

Hair
Hair :
is found all over our skin

except the palms, soles, lips, nipples and parts of the genitalia raises when the arrector pili m. contracts

Hair follicle from: http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/IDS_101_histo_resource/images/172-1xHair_follicle_labelled.jpg

Sebaceous glands
Sebaceous glands:
secrete sebum
lubricates skin and hair occur all over the body

except palms and soles

Sebaceous gland from: http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/integumentary/Images/sebace ous010tc.jpg

Sudoriferous glands
Sudoriferous glands: engage primarily in thermoregulation are located all over the body Modified sweat glands: mammary glands and ceruminous glands

Sweat gland from: http://www.nku.edu/~dempseyd/sweat%20gland%20good.jpg

Nails
Nails: are modifications of the epidermis protect the dorsal surface of the distal part of our fingers and toes are tools

Thin skin from: http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histology/labmanual2002/labsection2/Integumentary system03_files/image020.jpg

Functions of the Skin

Protection
Temperature regulation Cutaneous sensation Metabolic function Blood reservoir Excretion

Tissues and the Integument

McConnell, T. H. and K. L. Hull. (2011) Human Form, human

function: Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Cohen, B. J. and J. J. Taylor (2009). Memmler's Structure and Function of the Human Body. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Marieb, E. N. and K. Hoehn (2010). Human Anatomy and Physiology. San Francisco, Benjamin Cummings. Martini, F. H. (2006). Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. San Francisco, Benjamin Cummings.