AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF FANS AND COOLERS

SUBMITTED BY T.HEMALATHA GUIDED BY SK.NAHID MADAM

INTRODUCTION
This is a device to control the speed of fan and coolers automatically. During summer nights the temperature is quietly high but as time passes temperature starts dropping. So it is required to reduce the speed of a fan or cooler after particular periods.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

 The circuit consist of IC1 (555 Timer IC) which is used as an astable multi vibrator used to generate clock pulses. These are fed to decade dividers or counters formed by IC2 and IC3(IC CD4017B). The values of capacitor C1 and resister R1 and R2 are adjusted so that the final output of IC3 goes high after 8Hours.

 The device presented here makes the fan run at a full speed for pre- determined time. This speed is decreased to medium after some time and to slow then onwards after a period of 8 hours, the fan or cooler is switched off. By using this device these reducing can be done automatically. This also makes the reduced conception of power

BLOCK DIAGRAM :

 The block diagram is shown above ,the important parts consist are 555 Timer IC and divide by 9 and divide by 10 counter and relays. Astable Multivibrator: In this block diagram Astable multivibrator which is used as a pulse generator circuit its high and low state are both unstable. Decade counter1: It accepts the output from astable multivibrator as clock pulse.

Decade counter 2: It accepts the output from the decade counter 1 and counter start counting till there is an output from the decade counter 1 and act as a divide by 9 counter.

Relay: This device simply acts as an electronic switch. When the output from the decade counter 2 reaches the relay terminal it will control the speed of the fan or cooler by switching of relays.

Speed control arrangement for cooler with different windings for various speeds:

It Initially output Q0 is high and therefore relay RL1 is energised .It remains energised when Q1 becomes high.

It can be seen that initially the fan shall get AC supply directly, and so it shall run at full speed.
When output Q2 becomes high and Q1 becomes low, relay RL1 is turned off and relay RL2 is switched on. The fan gets AC through a resistance and its speed drops to medium. This continues until output Q4 is high.

When Q4 goes low and Q5 goes high, relay RL2 is switched off and relay RL3 is activated. The fan now runs at low speed.
At the end of the cycle when pin11 becomes high T4 gets saturated and T5 is cut off, thus RL4 is switched off thus switching of the fan or cooler.

Advantages: 1.Low cost and reliable circuit.

2.No manual errors. 3.Fit and forget system. 4. No manual support is needed, it is fully automatic. 5. Electrical energy can be saved to a greater extent. 6. Only less power is needed for the operation. 7. Lifetime of fan or coolers can be increased.

CONCLUSION
The fan or cooler speed control is useful for increasing the reliability, reducing the power consumption and decreasing the noise of the systems. Many different circuits and options can be selected in terms of trade-off in price and performance.