24th JANUARY 2013

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION - Chemical plant profile - What is flare system? MAIN CONTENT - Purposes and functions of flare system - Types of utility in flare system DIAGRAMS CONCLUSION - Why flare system is so important? LIST OF REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
o

PETRONAS FERTILIZER KEDAH SDN.BHD Petrochemical manufacturing Malaysian Urea production and fully owned by Petronas Malaysia It is located near to town of Gurun Kedah It was establish on January 6 1983 Previous name was Gerudi Satu Sdn.Bhd

PETRONAS FERTILIZER KEDAH

WHAT IS FLARE SYSTEM ?

Flare system is a safety device that burn excess hydrocarbon gases which cannot be processed. Excess hydrocarbon gases are flared as an alternative to releasing the vapors directly into the atmosphere Expose these gases to the atmosphere would lead to pollution that might harm to humans and other creatures.

MAIN CONTENTS
PURPOSES AND FUNCTIONS To provide for the safe disposal of hydrocarbons that are either automatically vented or manually drawn from process units at refineries To destroy corrosive, toxic, and flammable waste products during process start-ups or during upset plant conditions. Flare systems gather vented gases and combust them to prevent release directly into the atmosphere.

TYPES OF UTILITY IN FLARE SYSTEM

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Types of flare Elevated Ground Offshore/ FPSO Production/ completion

Petronas Fertilizer Kedah Sdn.Bhd used elevated type of flare. o There are 2 types of elevated flare: Low BTU Gas Flare Multi Jet Gas
o

LOW BTU GAS FLARE

These flares are typically used for ammonia, hydrogen sulphide/acid gas streams, venting from CO2 floods, and any other situation where a high amount of inert gases are combined with combustible hydrocarbons

LOW BTU GAS FLARE

HOW DOES ITS WORKS?

The main component of Flare System

Knock Out (KO) Drum Flare Header Liquid Seal Flare Stack Molecular Seal Flare Tip/ Burner Tip

Purge

Figure 1: Flare System Diagram

Destroy toxic, corrosive, and flammable vapors.

Can be made smokeless

advantages

Protect environment and people in the vicinity of the plant.

Costly

Can require a relatively large amount of land.

disadvantages

Produce no usable products

Produce large amounts of noise, heat, and luminescence.

REFERENCES
Vatavuk, William M. and Robert B. Neveril. "Flares and Flare System Design. " Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design. 10th ed. 1985. Adam Bader, Charles E. Baukal, Wes Bussman. (2011). Selecting the proper flaresystems. American Institute of Chemical Engineering .

p45-50.
Daniel Viaches, Christy Charlton, Kelsey Kaplan. Flare. Available: http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/HeatTransfer/Flares /Flares.html. Last accessed 22th Jan 2013.