E&BE lesson 6

Individual essays Presentations Quoting & referencing Paraphrasing & summarizing powerpoints

Overview of performance so far (1)

Name 1st draft essay Feedback 1 Feedback 2

Stijn
Jim Daniel Anne Yuntao Tim Yimin Oliver

sufficient
good Good Sufficient / good sufficient Insufficient, Sufficient / good Very good

good
insufficient good good good good sufficient good

good sufficient good Ruth hasnt sent it Ruth hasnt sent it Very good good

Overview of performance so far (2)

Name Yulian Bas Mike Amber Tom 1st draft essay insufficient Sufficient Sufficient / insufficient but slightly too late Sufficient / insufficient Feedback 1 good Good Okay, but too late good Feedback 2 sufficient Good -

Zhang
Ruth Casper

sufficient
good Hardly sufficient

Jan Paul

good

sufficient

Good, but use appropriate lng

Presentation reflections (1)

Audios of presentation are on Nestor, under Annemariekes name in dropbox. You will receive an assessment presentation sheet after you have handed in your reflection. This form indicates a level and a grade and comments on the quality of your reflection.

Reflection presentation (2)

Structure Getting interest from the audience Objective & preview Clarity of main points Details and examples Conclusions Q & A session Delivery Pace Eye-contact / facial expression Use of voice Posture Visual aids Language Vocabulary Grammar Fluency Coherence pronunciation

Citing and referencing: why?

support your arguments and give your work a factual basis protect yourself against charges of plagiarism demonstrate to assessors or critics that you have carried out the necessary research allow the reader to locate the material you consulted.

Citing and referencing

Citing When you refer to another author's work in your work you must cite your source by providing the last name of the author and the year of publication. Referencing At the end of your work, under the heading References or Bibliography, write a full description of each source you have cited, listing them in alphabetical order by the author's last name.

Harvard style citing

If you include the author's last name in your sentence, write the date in brackets immediately after: It has been argued by Harris (2001) that the main considerations are... Alternatively, write both the author's last name and the date of publication in brackets: It has been argued (Harris 2001) that the main considerations are... If you paraphrase a particular argument or point from a source you should also include the page number: It has been argued (Harris 2001, pp. 20-21) that the main considerations are the scope of the project, the cost and the duration of the work. Where there is no personal author, cite the organisation which produced the publication: Health literacy is important because people have to make critical choices about their health everyday (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention 2011). If neither an author or an organisation is stated, cite the title of the document instead: Google has recently launched One Pass which will enable customers to use content they've purchased on any device (Google's One Pass Could Provide Ways Around Apple Rules 2011).

Harvard style quotations

Quotations Use quotation marks for a short passage where you are quoting someone elses words exactly, and give page numbers in your citation. Longer quotations can be indented from the main body of your text. In this case quotation marks are not required. If you are deliberately missing out any words from the quotation, use three dots to indicate the omission. If you are adding or substituting any of your own words within the quotation, enclose these in square brackets [ ].

Harvard style multiple authors

When two authors have written the source, include both their last names in your citation: (Cullingworth and Nadin 2007) or Cullingworth and Nadin (2007). When there are three or more authors write the last name of the first author, followed by et al. whenever you cite the source: Tayler et al. (2003) or (Tayler et al. 2003) Sometimes you may find the information you are discussing has been written in several different sources. In this case cite them all in one set of brackets in chronological order of publication. List any works published in the same year in alphabetical order: (Midgley 1994; Smith 1994; UNCHS 1996; Gandelsonas 2002).

Harvard referencing
At the end of your work, under the heading References, list in full all of the sources that you have cited. Write the list in alphabetical order by the author's last name. Italicise titles of books, reports and conference proceedings. For journal articles, the title of the journal (not the title of the journal article) should be printed in italics. Capitalise the first letter of the publication title, the first letters of all main words in the title of a journal and all first letters of a place name and publisher.

Above all, references should be accurate, consistent and include all the required information to enable a reader to locate the source.

Harvard style: books

Book You need to include the following information: Author. Year. Book title. Place: Publisher. Example: Potts, D. 2002. Project planning and analysis for development. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Reinner. If there are three or more authors include all their names or just write the first author's name and then write et al. If the book is in its second edition or beyond, you also need to include this information in the reference: Seifert, K. L. et al. 2000. Lifespan development. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Seifert, K. L., Hoffnung, R.J. and Hoffnung, M. 2000. Lifespan development. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Harvard style:journal article

Journal article To cite a journal article you will need to record the following information: Author. Year. Article title. Journal Title volume(issue), pages. Example: Waterson, M. 2003. The role of consumers in competition and competition policy. International Journal of Industrial Organization 21(2), pp. 12950.

Harvard style: online article

Electronic journal article If the electronic journal article is also available in paper format and if the layout, page numbers, text and images are exactly the same, you can just reference it as you would a print journal article. For a journal article which is only available online or differs from its print version you will need to include the date when you found it and the URL: Author(s). Year. Article title. Journal Title [Online] volume. Available at: URL [Accessed: day Month year]. Example: Merchent, A.T. 2007. Diet, physical activity, and adiposity in children in poor and rich neighbourhoods: a cross-sectional comparison. Nutrition Journal [Online] 6. Available at: http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-6-1.pdf [Accessed: 27 February 2007].

Harvard style: web document

For a web page that is not an electronic journal you should record the following information in the reference: Author or Editor (if available). Year (if available). Title [Online]. Place: Publisher (if available). Available at: web address of document [Accessed: day Month year]. Example: Lane, C. et al. 2003. The future of professionalised work: UK and Germany compared [Online]. London: Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society. Available at: http://www.agf.org.uk/pubs/pdfs/1232web.pdf [Accessed: 10 May 2007].

Harvard style: thesis or Dissertation

Be sure to indicate the level (e.g. MA, MSc, or PhD) of the thesis and the institution at which it was presented: Boyce, P. J. 2003. GammaFinder: a Java application to find galaxies in astronomical spectral line datacubes. MSc Dissertation, Cardiff University. Bin Omar, A. 1978. Peasants, institutions and development in Malaysia: the political economy of development in the Muda region. PhD Thesis, Cornell University.

Foreign language
If you are writing a piece of research in the English language but are referring to sources which are written in other languages: Either give the source title exactly as it appears in the original language, or give an English translation of it in square brackets with a language descriptor at the end, e.g. Thurfjell, W. 1975. Vart hav varan doktor tagit vagen? Lakartidningen 72, p. 789. or Thurfjell, W. 1975. [Where has our doctor gone?]. Lakartidningen 72, p. 789. (In Swedish).

APA (American Psychology Assosciation)

Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current theory and research (pp. 64-99). New York: Appleton-Century Crofts. Shanks, D. R. (1985). Continuous monitoring of human contingency judgment across trials. Memory & Cognition, 13, 158-167.

Shanks, D., & Dickinson, A. (1987). Associative accounts of causality judgment. In G. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 21, pp. 229-261). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Wasserman, E. A., Elek, S. M., Chatlosh, D. L., & Baker, A. G. (1993). Rating causal relations: Role of probability in judgments of responseoutcome contingency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 174-188.

OSCOLA: citing the law

Cases Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL 13, [2008] 1 AC 884 EU legislation and cases Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union [2008] OJ C115/13 Books Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (first published 1651, Penguin 1985) 268 Encyclopedias Halsburys Laws (5th edn, 2010) vol 57, para 53 Journal articles JAG Griffith, The Common Law and the Political Constitution (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64 Websites and blogs Sarah Cole, Virtual Friend Fires Employee (Naked Law, 1 May 2009) <www.nakedlaw.com/2009/05/index.html> accessed 19 November 2009 Newspaper articles Jane Croft, Supreme Court Warns on Quality Financial Times (London, 1 July 2010) , 3

Vancouver style
To cite a source using the Vancouver style, insert a number into your text in round brackets. Write the number after punctuation marks such as full stops and commas or before colons and semi-colons. Li and Crane point out that the main objective of citing references is to give sufficient information to allow sources to be located. (1) If you need to cite more than once source at the same time, write a number for each source e.g. (1, 2) or (6, 12, 15) When citing more than two sources, which are numbered consecutively, use a hyphen instead of a comma. General overviews of the process of citing references are given by Bosworth and Craig and in Walliman. (2-4) If you need to cite the same source more than once at different points in your text, you can use the same number: References should be given for "all direct or indirect quotations, and in acknowledgement of someone's opinions, or of a source of factual information which is not general knowledge". (1) Li and Crane point out that the main objective of citing references is to give sufficient information to allow sources to be located. (2) General overviews of the process of citing references are given by Bosworth and Craig and in Walliman. (3, 4, 1)

Paraphrasing & summarizing

Paraphrasing: changing a text so that it is quite different from the source, while retaining the meaning.

Evidence of a lost civilisation has been found off the coast of China. Remains of an ancient society have been discovered in the sea near China.

synonyms
Some vocabulary can easily be changed. Studies > Research Society > Civilisation Some have no synonyms: Economics Socialism Global warming

Word order
Ancient Egypt collapsed The collapse of Egyptian society began

Quiz
1 Spell the word 2 What does the abbreviation a.k.a stand for? 3 Name five American presidents whose last name starts with either a C or an R. 4 Who is the chairman of the Euro Group? 5 What is this?

Individual essays
Hand in peer feedback if you havent done so already Add your outline to your second draft Not handing in your essay on time means no teacher feedback! Deadline second draft: 24 March Deadline third draft: 31 March Deadline final essay: 7 April

Structure!
Introductory paragraph: the readers know what to expect 1st sentence: a catchy opening warming readers up for the topic Last sentence: thesis statement Thesis statement: a sentence in which a statement is described that raises curioisty and is explained in the body.

Body paragraphs (mostly 3): subtopics The paragraphs consist of different subtopics, all related to the thesis statement Every paragrap starts with a topic statement Topic statement: a sentence that covers the content of the whole paragraph Last sentence: concludes the paragraph
Concluding paragraph: summarizing and leaving the reader with something to think about Rephrase and summarize the most important information Last sentence: give your reader a trong, last sentence that gives them something to think about or to remember

Check: take the first en last sentence of every paragraph. Do you have a goodsummary of your essay?