PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

MUKUL CHANDEL

Agrotech Sportech Buildtech

PROTECH

Mobiltech

Technical textiles

Clothtech

Geotech

Medtech Indutech

Hometech

Defence textiles

Pre Twentieth century

Pre Twentieth century

Normally heavy & uncomfortable uniform for wear. Produced from natural fibers or heavy metal is used. Uncomfortable for soldiers.

Twentieth Century
Light weight & durable many high performance. fibers came into usage.

Earlier silk & metal was used. But now high Performance fibres are used like

Kevlar

- Polyphenylene terephthalamide, 5 times stronger than steel. Properties like tensile strength at low weight, low elongation at break, high modulus high chemical resistance etc.

Dyneema polyethylene, 10-100 times stronger than steel. Properties like

very high strength to weight ratio & light enough to float on water.

Twaron

para-aramid, 5 times stronger than steel.

Spectra

high strength.

- polyethylene fibers.10-100 times stronger than steel,

Spider silk protein, 25 times stronger than steel

LIGHT WEIGHT COMFORT

DURABILITY

PROPERTY Light weight and low bulk High durability and dimensional stability Good handle and drape Low noise and antistatic

COMMENTS Items have to be carried by individuals. Must operate reliably in adverse conditions comfortable No rustle and no sparks

PROPERTY

COMMENTS

Water-repellent, water proof & wind For exterior materials exposed to proof cols weather Thermally insulating For cold climates
Water vapour permeable Rot-resistant UV resistant light For clothing and personel equipment For tents, covers, nets Environment with sunlight

biodegradable

If discarded or buried

PROPERTY Visual spectrum Ultra voilet Near infrared Far infrared Acoustic emissions

COMMENTS Exposed materials match visual colours In snow & ice regions To match reflectance of background To minimise heat emitted by humans & equipment Rustle noises detected by microphones & sensors

-Under UV band: Titanium dioxide pigment as a coating Barium sulphate -Under visible band: Khaki, brown, black and green colours used for uniforms. Light weight polyurethane or acrylic coated nylon.

-Under visible band: Khaki, brown, black and green colours used for uniforms. Light weight polyurethane or acrylic coated nylon

TYPES Ballistic fragments Low & high velocity bullets Chemical & biological agents

COMMENTS Bombs,grenades Hand guns, pistols Blood agents, nerve agents, bacteria

PROPERTY

COMMENTS

Easy care & min maintainance

Long storage life & minimal cost disposable

Non iron, smart

War stock to be stored for 10-20 yrs Nuclear & chemical contamination

Causes for ballistic casualties in general war

59%

19%

22%

fragments

bullets

other

Fabric layers in the armor

Energy dissipation and reduction

Weave
Plain balanced weave More cross-over points Large surface area .

Requirements
Ballistic performance Comfortable clothing

Impact by projectile

Energy absorption characteristics

Fabric energy (J) 25

Yarn impact characteristic

Cloth impact characteristic

20
15 10
At impact moment

5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Striking velocity (m/s)

Fabric energy absorption and Ballistic limit Yarn slippage and Ballistic resistance

Ballistic resistance material

Ballistic material performance versus weight

ballistic limit (m/s)
720 750

weight (oz/sq.ft)
750

Blunt trauma protection

Required degree of protection

500

38

36

32

27

Comfort and ease of movement

Final weight of uniform

steel

1978

1992

materials of today

Casualty levels
80% 61% 40% 15%
no armor helmets are worn armor is worn armor and helmet is worn

Gearing towards an integrated future The general aims of future systems are:

Improve protection against natural and battlefield threats Maintain thermo-physiological comfort or survival in extreme conditions Improve compatibility between and within different clothing components Reduce weight and bulk of materials Integrate functionality so that fewer layers provide multi layer protection Reduce life cycle costs by making systems more effective, durable, and recyclable and by buying few components in the system

Controlled release mechanism Regeneration model.

Barrier and blocking mechanism.