SPACE STRUCTURES

AMIT KHATUWALA MS004

INTRODUCTION
The structural forms can be grouped as :a. Framed structures or skeletal structures or discrete elements. b. Continuum structures.

FRAMED STRUCTURES
Framed structures are those which are formed by joining discrete structural elements at their ends forming joints. The joints of a framed structure are points of intersection of the members, as well as points of support and free ends of members. Each member may be straight or curved and its sectional dimensions are small compared to the length dimension. Thus, structures made up of ties,struts beams & columns are framed structures.

CATEGORIES
The framed structures can be divided into six categories:1. Continuous beams 2. Plane trusses 3. Space trusses 4. Plane frames 5. Grids 6. Space frames

CONTINUOUS BEAM

A continuous beam consists of straight member having one or more points of support such as A,B,C and D.

PLANE TRUSS

Plane truss is idealized as a system of members lying in a plane and interconnected at hinged joints.

SPACE TRUSS
A space truss is similar to a plane truss except that the members may have any directions in the space. The forces acting on a space truss may be in any arbitrary directions.

PLANE FRAME
A plane frame is composed of members lying in a one plane and having axis of symmetry in that plane.
The internal stress resultants acting at any cross section of a plane frame member may consists in general of an axial force, a shear force, and a bending moment.

SPACE FRAME The space frame is the most general type of framed structure, in which there are no restrictions on the location of joints, direction of members, or directions of loads.

GRID
A grid is a plane structure composed of continuous members that either intersect or cross one another.

CONTINUUM STRUCTRUE
Continuum structures include structures formed from surface elements like flat slabs, curved shell elements and solids.

Deformation in Framed Structures

When a structure is acted upon by loads, the members of the structure will undergo deformations. The calculation of these displacements is an essential part of structural analysis. Consider a segment of arbitrary length cut from a member of a framed structure.

 The deformation shown in figure are called axial, shearing, flexural and torsional respectively.

ELEVATION OF SPACE FRAME

PLAN

PREFACE
Space frame or a Hanger in a sense are low rise steel structures, and characterised by their low height and absence of interior walls and partitions. Usually, the roof system of hangers consists of trusses with light weight roof coverings.Now a days , new materials for both cladding and roofing are available. These are lighter compared to conventional AC & GI sheets.

 However, the hangers over here are to provide ample space for the parking of the aircraft, so that the repair & maintenance of the aircraft can be carried out sufficiently. The Hangers are classified into two categories:i. Single hangers ii. Multiple type hangers

SINGLE HANGERS
These are common for regular sized aircraft, these as termed as simple i.e single hanger, doesnt include an intermediate column. The hanger has explained before, acts as an area for the inspection, checking and maintenance of an aircraft.

MULTIPLE TYPE HANGER

Multiple type hanger include an area where the number of aircraft is parked simultaneously. This type consists of trusses framed in the long dimensions of the bay with purlins framing between the trusses framed in the short dimensions. This system is used where long span required in one direction is more than 21 m(our case)

 While much shorter span is acceptable in the other direction. Trusses are not likely to be economical for spans less than about 21 m. When the roof truss is attached to, and is supported on steel columns at both the ends, the assembly is known as bent or a mill bent or transverse bent. Bent are braced together at intervals depending on the character of the building ,

 Its length, width, covering, exposure etc. Two bents braced together form a braced bay. The space between two column lines is called and aisle.

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF HANGER

Steel Column Roof trusses Rain water Gutter Purlins

COMPONENTS OF ROOF TRUSS

Span : Centre to Centre distance between two supports of a roof truss is called span of roof truss. Spacing of roof truss : The horizontal distance between two consecutive roof trusses is known as spacing of roof truss. Principal rafter : The member of roof truss end support to the ridge point is known as principal rafter.

 Main tie : The bottom chord member of a roof truss is known as main tie. Sag tie : A vertical member joining ridge point and mid point of main tie is sag tie. Purlin : A member supported on the panel points of two consecutive roof trusses is called purlin. Web members : Vertical or inclined members joining top and bottom chord members connected to principal rafter are called panel points or nodal points.

 Panel : The portion of truss between two consecutive panel points on principal rafter is called Panel. Pitch : It is the ratio of rise and span. Roofing material : Roofing material is used to cover the roof of truss.

PURLINS
Purlins support roof sheeting, and loads from the sheeting are transferred to the purlins. The loads acing on the purlins are 1. Weight roof covering and fixtures. 2. Self weight of purlin. 3. Live load from sheeting . 4. Snow load. 5. Wind load from sheeting.

RAIN WATER GUTTER

As the name suggests, the Rain water Gutter is provided to collect & remove the water that has been collected from the roof covering material. The Rain water Gutter is connected with Rain water pipe so that the water can be disposed off properly.

 The Frame is constructed on the Design principle of Military Engineering Services(MES).

 The detailed Specification of the Construction of any building in MES is projected in the report. The detailed drawings of Elevation, Plan, Footing, Column details,Purlins,Gutter,Details of Structural Layout,Foundation details is also projected in the report. A example on a Design of roof truss is also included in the project report.

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