BONE: Like the cartilage; The bone is also special form of connective tissue which consist of cells, fibers

and extracellular matrix. Function of bone: 1-To protect the delicateorgans. Like brain and heart. 2-Formation of blood cells (hempoises). 3-Act as a reservoirs for several minerals like the calcium, phosphate, from which the body take it's requirements.

Types of the bone:There are two types of the bone

1-Compact bone: Which is usually form the outer cylindrical part of the long bone. 2-spongy bone: Form the inner surface of the compact bone and adjacent to the bone marrow cavity and consist of several inter connecting areas. Marrow cavity: This is present in the central part of the long bones in the new born it is red and produce blood cells, while in adults normally it is yellow and filled with fat cells. *Bone is surrounded from external surface by alayer of connective tissue called periosteum. And from the internal surface lined by the same layer called endosteum. *Both layers contain the osteoprogenitor cells

Cells of the bone :The bone in adults contain four types of cells ,these are : 1-Osteoprogenitor cells:It is undifferential.these cells present in the inner layer of periosteum and in the single layer of endosteum. 2-Osteoblasts:These are present on the surface of the bone and synthesize , secret and deposit the new bone matrix. 3-Ostecytes:It is principle cells of the bone and the mature form of osteoblast present in the bone matrix inside the lacunae, it is branched cells, Their branches extend inside small ducts called the canalaculi and allow cell to cell and cell to blood vessels connection. 4-Osteoclast :Large multinucleated cells found along the cell surface, their function is resorption of the bone during the remodeling , it is locate on shallow depression called the How ship's lacunae

Bone fibers: Bone contain collagen fibers which arrange in thin layers called the bone lamella, which form spherical structures contain central canal contain blood vessels and nerves this called Haversian canal. Both lamella and haversian canal are called Haversian system (Osteon). Bone Matrix: Contain organic material enable the bone to resist the tension and inorganic compounds enable the bone to resist compression. *Because the matrix of the bone is calcified therefore diffusion of nutrient is difficult therefore bone matrix is highly vascularized and the blood vessels pass through longitude haversian canal and transverse Volkmann's canal which join the central (Haversian) canal with the marrow cavity.

Bone : compact bone

Haversian system

Volkmanns canal

Haversian canal

Bone : compact bone

Osteocyte

Haversian system

Bone lamellae

Haversian canal

Bone : compact bone

Volkmanns canal

Bone : compact bone

Volkmanns canal Haversian system

Haversian canal

Bone : compact bone

Volkmanns canal

Canalaculi

Bone : compact bone

Bone : spongy bone

Bone marrow

Bone trabiculae

Bone : spongy bone

Bone : spongy bone

Osteocyte

Bone : spongy bone

osteoblast

Bone : spongy bone