RF Survey

A Site Survey and installation

Submitted To : Mr. Ankit Patel

Submitted By: Yadav Kiran(0205090 79)

Introduction
It is Collection of database from the Field (According to the Customer Planned Region that isNominal Point/ Reference the Area) for checking the feasibility of Cell Site , for decidingCoverage Region of CellSite & for Decidingthe Link/Connectivitywith the anotherCell Site.

Types of RF Survey
There are three types of RF Surveys:
Passive

Survey

Active Survey Predicative Survey

RF Survey can be done by two ways and that are

Blind Survey Nominal Survey

Tools used during the RF survey

GPS Digital Camera Measuring Tape Map Info Software Magnetic Compass Altimeter

GPS
TheGlobal Positioning System(GPS) is a space-basedsatellite navigationsystem that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The system provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS Receiver.

GPS Picture

Digital Camera
Digital Camera is used to take the pictures of the site and the position nearby , so that the whole area around the site can be analyzed. Pictures taken should be at the distance of 30 degree.

Measuring Tape

It is used to measure the distance from one point to other.

Compass

It is used to analyse the direction, one end of a compass needle will point to the North Pole.

Altimeter
It is used to determine the sea level. The distance of the site from the sea level is measured by the altimeter.

Important points to be checked during RF Survey

Type of area- Residential/commercial Type of Population- Income wise. Any hilly areas or rivers or forest falling & direction. Type of buildings available. Check for immediate obstructions. Check for coverage objectives

Nominal Points
This is a reference point given by the customer for RF Survey work. This may be in any of the following forms:

Latitude and Longitude values. X and Y-Co-ordinates. North/East Co-ordinates. Area Name

Tower
Tower is typically a tall structures designed to supportantennasfortelecommunication. It is the most important part of the site installation, a tower has three sectors and the orientation is given by the help of the compass, the North is assumed as 0 degree and moving into the clockwise direction the sectors are named as A, B, C.

Types Of Towers
There are basically five types of towers, which are mentioned below:

Ground Base Tower(GBT). Roof Base Tower(RBT). Pole Mount Tower. Wall Mount Tower. Cow Site Tower.

Transmission
To provide the connectivity between two or more than two sites.

Optical Fibre Cable is used VSAT- Satellite connection is used. Microwave

Fibre and VSAT are avoided due to the expenditure and cost.

Microwave Connectivity
There are several ways to provide the microwave connectivity, some of them are described below:

Light: Laser are used. Balloon or Flags: Used to check the status of the site. Binoculars: Used to see the distance of one site from other site.

Factors Affecting Connectivity

Line Of Site Height of the tree, water tank Chimney of factory and bricks.

The height of the tree is taken in between 1015 m ideally. The height of the water tank and the chimney is taken in between 15-18m.

Line Of Site(LOS)

Area between any two microwave is called LOS. Distance between any two microwaves is called Hop Length. The frequency created in between the two microwaves is called Fresnel zone.

LOS determining Software Tool

There are different kind of software tools used t determine the LOS and the most commonly used are mentioned below:

RL Tool Path Tool

Using these two tools we can determine the LOS of the given site.

Factor affecting LOS

Altimeter

sea level(AMSL)

Earth Curvature:12.7d1.d2/K Fresnel Zone: 17.3d1.d2/FD Obstacle Height d1= Distance from tower d2=distance from site K= Clearance factor

F=frequency D=total distance.

Microwave antenna
The microwave antennas are round in shape and they are used to maintain the connectivity between two tower and the diameter used are .2,.4,.6,1.2,1.8,2.4 depending upon the range of the transmission. Usually .6 diameter is used in the cities and it covers 500m hop Length.

Earthing
It is necessary to dig a hole of 5-8m near the site to provide grounding. There are several methods used to make a perfect grounding
Galvanized

Iron Pipes: General form of GI pipes are used. G I Plates Chemicals: These is not used because it affect the fertility of the land.

Conclusion
This is the processes used to survey and install a site. It is a knowledgeable experience while taking training in Arden Telecom Pvt. Ltd. under the guidance of Mr. Abhishek Chaudhary (Project Manager).

thank Thankyou you