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Unified Modeling Language, Version 2.0

Chapter 2

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Objectives
Understand the basic characteristics of object-oriented systems. Be familiar with the Unified Modeling Language (UML), Version 2.0. Be familiar with the Unified Process. Understand a minimalist approach to object-oriented systems analysis and design.
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Basic Characteristics of Object Oriented Systems Classes and Objects Methods and Messages Encapsulation and Information Hiding Inheritance Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding
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PROJECT INITIATION
Chapter 3

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Key Ideas

Project initiation begins when someone sees an opportunity to create business value from using information technology. Feasibility analysis is used to aid in the decision of whether or not to proceed with the IS project.
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Key Ideas

The project sponsor is a key person proposing development or adoption of the new information technology .

Many organizations keep on eye on emerging technology As a first mover

The approval committee reviews proposals from various groups and units in the organization and decides which to commit to developing.
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IDENTIFYING BUSINESS VALUE

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System Request

It is a document that describes the business reasons for building a system and the value to provide. Lists key elements of the project

Project name Project sponsor Business need Functionality Expected value Special issues or constraints

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Elements of the System Request Form

Project sponsor

The person who initiates the project

Business Need

Members of the Finance Dept, IT Manager, CIO, Vice President of Marketing

The business-related reason for initiating the system

Increase sales Improve market share Improve customer service Decrease product defects

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Cont
Functionality

The capabilities that the system will provide

Provide online access Produce management report Capture customer demographic information

Expected Value

The benefits that the system will create for the organization

3 percent increase in sales 1 percent increase in market share

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Cont
Special Issues
Issues that are relevant to the implementation of the system and committee make decisions about the project
System needed in time for the Christmas holiday season Government-mandated deadline for May 30.

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Your Turn
If you were building a webbased system for course enrollment -What would be the functionality? What would be the expected value? What special issues or constraints would you foresee?
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FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

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Feasibility Analysis

Once the need for the system and its business requirements have been defined feasibility analysis Detailing Expected Costs and Benefits
Technical feasibility Economic feasibility Organizational feasibility

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Technical Feasibility: Can We Build It?

Familiarity with application
Knowledge of business domain

If analysts are unfamiliar with the business application area, they have a greater chance of misunderstanding the users or missing opportunities for improvement.

Familiarity with technology

Extension of existing firm technologies

Project size
Number of people, time, and features
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Economic Feasibility Should We Build It?

Development costs Annual operational costs Annual benefits Intangible costs and benefit

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Steps to Conducts Economic Feasibility

Identify Costs and Benefits Assign Values to Costs and Benefits Determine Cash Flow Determine Net Present Value Determine Return on Investment Calculate Break-Even Point Graph Break-Even Point
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Expected Value
Costs Tangible * * * * * * * * * * * * Benefits

Intangible

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Cash Flow Method for Cost Benefit Analysis

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Return on Investment Calculation

RETURN ON INVESTMENT EQUALS
Total (benefits - costs) Divided by

Total costs
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Net Present Value Calculation

PRESENT VALUE EQUALS Some amount of money Divided by (1 + interest rate)n
Where n equals the number of periods
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Organizational Feasibility
If we build it, will they come?

There are two ways to assess:

How well the goal of the project align with business objectives

Strategic alignment Project champion(s)

Stakeholder analysis

A high-level non-IS executive who created the system request.

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Organizational management System users

Summary
Project initiation involves creating and assessing goals and expectations for a new system Identifying the business value of the new project is a key to success The system request describes an overview of the proposed system. The feasibility study is concerned with insuring that technical, economic, and organizational benefits outweigh costs and risks
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Expanding the Domain

For an excellent source of information on IT management see: www.cio.com

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