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Towards innovation

in
infertility management
to
enhance patient compliance

Dr Ric Porter

IVF Australia
Sydney
The Aims of
Assisted Reproductive Techniques
 collect high quality eggs and sperm
收集高品質的卵子與精子

 grow high quality embryos


培養高品質胚胎

 make healthy babies ( one at a time ! )


製造健康的寶寶

Consistently , simply , safely


一致性 , 簡單 , 安全
The Aims of
Assisted Reproductive Techniques

 collect high quality eggs and sperm


收集高品質的卵子與精子
 grow high quality embryos
培養高品質胚胎
 make healthy babies
製造健康的寶寶

Consistently, simply, safely


一致性 , 簡單 , 安全
Factors Affecting Success of
Ovarian Stimulation
成功的卵巢刺激的影響因素
1. Patient selection (age, BMI, AFC, FSH, AMH etc)
病人的基本診斷分類
2. Choice of drugs for ovarian stimulation
Clomiphene, FSH, LH, hCG
卵巢刺激藥物的選擇 Clomiphene, FSH, LH, hCG

3. Stimulation protocol
Short, long, GnRH Agonists, Antagonists
卵巢刺激方案的選擇 , 長方案 / 短方案 / GnRHa

4. Type of administration
Nasal spray, injections, pens, vaginal, oral
給予藥物的方式 鼻噴 , 注射 , 筆型 , 陰道 , 口服

BUT MOST IMPORTANTLY.… 最重要的是… ..


5. Patient compliance (and confusion)
病人的服從醫囑性 ( 與混淆 )
Relevance of Patient-made Errors
病人用藥錯誤的原因

15% 的病人在泡置及注射 hCG 的過程中出錯

注射時間出錯 錯誤總數
泡藥及注射技術出錯
Relevance of Patient-made Errors
病人用藥錯誤的原因

錯誤的 hCG 給藥影響了整體懷孕成功“


….. 降低疼痛及困難度及壓力的注射技巧
正確給藥
給藥出錯

百 正確給藥的病人群懷孕率為 27%

注射出錯的病人群懷率為
10%
As clinicians, we all understand
身為醫師 , 我們瞭解
 The importance of correct and consistent dosage
of gonadotrophins in ART cycles and
在人工生殖週期中正確及一致性的性腺刺激素劑量

 The importance of stress reduction and patient
compliance
壓力及病人對於服從醫囑性的重要性

to maximise the chance of success.


讓成功的機會最大化
Assisted conception & Stress
 IVF is stressful !
試管嬰兒治療是壓力很大的事
 …main reason patients discontinue IVF was
psychological burden !
病人中止試管嬰兒療程的主因是因為心理的負擔
– 26% of patients (Sweden)
Olivius et al Feb 2004 Fertil & Steril
26% 病人 ( 瑞典 )
– 29% of patients (Netherlands)
Smeenk et al Feb 2004 Fertil & Steril
29% 病人 ( 荷蘭 )

 4% only cited cost as a reason (Canada)


Malcolm et al Feb 2004 Fertil & Steril
僅有 4% 是因為費用停止療程 ( 加拿大 )
Assisted conception & Stress

 Does psychological pressure & stress


reduce success rates in IVF?
心理的壓力及焦慮是否降低試管嬰兒的成功率 ?
And if so…
如果是…
 What can we do to reduce this stress ?
我們可以做什麼幫助減輕壓力
The influence of stress and state anxiety on the
outcome of IVF-treatment: psychological and
endocrinological assessment of Swedish women
entering IVF-treatment
壓力對於 IVF 的結果的影響 : 對進行 IVF 的瑞典婦
女的心理壓力及內分泌分析
 Compared stress levels in 22 women entering
IVF treatment and relating those levels to
outcome of IVF
比較 IVF 的 22 位婦女的壓力指數與 IVF 結果的相關

 Conclusion: Psychological stress may affect
IVF outcome since anxiety levels were higher
in those who did not achieve a pregnancy vs
those who did.
結論 : 心理壓力可能影響 IVF 的結果 , 因為緊張
的程度在懷孕失敗的族群較高 Csemiczky G , Acta Ob Gyn Scand. Feb 2000
Historically …….
在過去……
 Deep Intra Muscular injections of hMG
使用 hMG 進行肌肉注射
 Long queues in clinics 在診間排隊等候
 Time consuming 耗時
 Painful 疼痛
 Local / systemic side effects 局部 / 系統性的副作用

 Confusion + anxiety = inadvertent non compliance


疑惑 + 緊張 = 疏忽 及不服從醫囑
What do Physicians & Nurses Expect from an
Ideal Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in ART?
醫師及護士對人工生殖中理想的濾泡刺激素的期望
 Key drivers of physicians for choice of drug efficacy1:
醫師對藥物選擇的主要動力為 1:
– Consistent dose of active substance 主成分的劑量一致性
– Predictable stimulation results 可預期的刺激結果

 To optimize the drug administration for patients,


physicians and nurses require most2:
為了將藥物治療的效果最佳化 , 醫師及護士最需要 2:
– Accuracy of the dose 劑量的正確性
– Easy to dial exact dose (no under-/overdosing)
可簡單設定正確劑量 ( 不致過少或過多 )
– Easy self-administration 簡易的自我注射
– Clear dosing units 清楚的劑量單位
– Easy to teach 容易教學
• Corporate Business Intelligence 1999, FSH Key Driver Study
• Corporate Business Intelligence 2001, Device Study
What do Patients Expect from the
Ideal Medication in In-Vitro Fertilization?
病人對 IVF 理想藥物的期望

 Patient Requirements: 病人想要的是 :

– Fewest possible steps to learn how to inject


(because of short treatment duration)
較少的學習注射的步驟 ( 因為治療療程短 )
– Pre-filled system or simple cartridge system with
minimal preparation prior to injection
預填式系統 或簡單的藥蕊系統及注射前簡易
的準備
– Dosage injected can be seen / monitored
可看到及觀測被注射的劑量
The Ideal Medication in
In Vitro Fertilization
理想的 IVF 的藥物

Physicians: Patients:
醫師 病人
Maximal Dose Accurate,
Consistency + easy-to-use device
for Highest for best patient
Efficacy compliance
極高的劑量一致性以達 正確且容易使用的注射器
到最好的藥效 以達到最好的病人服從醫
囑性
性腺刺激素產品 : 允許病人根據需求選擇產

Nancy Weiss 在加州 Portola Valley 的 Palo Alto 醫學基金會的生殖
內分泌部門任職為 IVF coordinator. Nancy 的終身職業專注於女性的
健康 , 其中至少有七年在生殖醫學 . 她特別注重不孕症病人的諮詢 ,
衛教 , 和服從醫囑性 .2006 年在第 19 屆國際生殖醫學護理及支援會
議中的演講 , 贏得了研究獎 . 她也是美國生殖醫學學會的會員 .

Weiss et al, RBM Online June 2007


Study Result
研究結果
濾泡刺激素 alfa 注射筆

濾泡刺激素 beta 藥蕊及注射筆




的 以傳統針筒無須針頭泡置的注射器


(



)

容易使用 設定劑量的 訓練者的影響


容易馬上使用 較不易犯錯 機制 儲藏時間

Weiss et al, RBM Online June 2007


Author’s Conclusion (1)
作者結論 (1)
 Gonal-f FbM prefilled pen was the most popular FSH injection
device , with the highest patient preference rate ( 68.1%)
果納芬注射筆是最廣泛使用的濾泡刺激素的注射器 , 也獲得病
人最高的愛好度 (68.1%)
 (Follitropin β cartridge and pen (24.5%)
濾泡刺激素 beta 藥蕊及注射筆 (24.5%)
 (Urofollitropin in a syringe (7.4%)
針筒注射的尿液濾泡刺激素 (7.4%)

 Reasons given: 主要的原因是 :


- it is easy to use 容易使用的
- simple & reliable dosing mechanism
簡單且可信賴的劑量設定機制
- perceived minimal chances of error
被認為最不容易出錯 Weiss et al, RBM Online June 2007
Author’s Conclusion (2)
作者結論 (2)

 The importance of nurse-led training program


for the use of injectable FSH products, which
allows the patients to choose their preferred
method of administration, that will lead to a
significant difference in patient preference and
minimize patient errors as well.
 護士主導的濾泡刺激素注射訓練的重要性在於 ,
可以 助病人選擇適合的注射方式 , 可增加病人
的滿意度及降低病人犯錯的機率

Weiss et al, RBM Online June 2007


Comparison of pen device with
conventional syringe in IVF
比較筆型注射器和傳統針筒在 IVF 中的使用
 481 patients
– 204 patients (217 cycles) syringe
204 個病人進行 217 個週期 , 使用針筒

– 265 patients (294 cycles) pen-device


265 個病人進行 294 個週期 . 使用筆型注射器

Rama Raju et al, J Clin Pharm Ther, Aug 2008 1


Syringe vs. Pen device
筆型注射器和傳統針筒
Syringe Pen P value
Total Dose (IU) 2100 1909 <0.001
總劑量
Duration of stimulation 10.5 9.7 <0.05
刺激時間
E2 levels on day of HCG 1068 1488 <0.05
HCG 注射日的 E2 值
No. follicles >16mm 7.3 9.8 <0.05
大於 16mm 的濾泡數目
No. oocytes Retrieved 9.6 13.8 <0.001
取卵數
No. embryos Frozen 1.3 4.6 <0.05
冷凍胚胎數目

Rama Raju et al, J Clin Pharm Ther, Aug 2008 2


Syringe vs. Pen device
筆型注射器和傳統針筒

Syringe Pen P value


Live birth rate 29% 31% NS
活產率

Patient tolerance with respect to pain at the injection site was


better with the pen device p<0.025
使用筆型注射器的病人 , 對注射部位的疼痛耐受度較高
Conclusion:
The pen is well tolerated and more efficacious with respect to
ovarian stimulation outcome compared with the conventional
syringe.
筆型注射器和傳統針筒相較 , 病人耐受性較好 , 並伴隨較好的卵巢
刺激結果

Rama Raju et al, J Clin Pharm Ther, Aug 2008 3


An open, randomised single-centre study to compare the
efficacy and convenience of follitropin β administered by a
pen device with follitropin α administered by a conventional
syringe in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for
IVF/ICSI

在一個開放性隨機單一中心的研 究中 , 比較使用注射筆的濾泡
刺 激 素 β, 及使用傳統針筒的濾泡刺激素 α 的 IVF/ICSI 的病人
, 兩組的效果及方便性

 200 patients
200 個病人
 Visual analogue scale for pain and convenience
疼痛及方便性量表

Platteau P, Hum Reprod, Jun 2003 1


Follitropin pen vs syringe
筆型與針筒的比較

Syringe Pen P value


Total Dose (IU) 2226 1880 <0.001
總劑量 (IU)
Duration of stimulation 12 10.8 0.001
刺激時間
No. oocytes retrieved 13.1 15.2 <0.001
取卵數
Live birth rate per ET 34.4% 32.9% NS
每次胚胎移植的活產率

Platteau P, Hum Reprod, Jun 2003 2


Follitropin pen vs. syringe
性腺激素注射筆與針筒

•The presence of pain after the daily injection was significantly


higher in the conventional syringe group (p=0.027)
在傳統針筒每日注射後的疼痛較明顯 (p=0.027)
•The visual analogue scale score was significantly more
convenient for the pen device (p<0.001)
在筆型注射器的量表結果中 , 筆型注射器的方便性明顯較好 (p<0.001)

Conclusion: 結論
Self injection with the pen device is safe and easy, more
convenient and less painful for the patient, requires less FSH
and shortens the treatment duration .
用注射筆自我注射較安全且容易 , 而且方便 , 疼痛感較低 , 需要
較少的濾泡刺激素且療程較短

Platteau P, Hum Reprod, Jun 2003 3


What is the most relevant standard of success in
assisted reproduction? The next step to improving
outcomes of IVF: consider the whole treatment.
什麼是人工生殖最相關的成功標準 ?
下一步改善 IVF 的結果是 : 衡量整體治療

 Term singleton birth rate per started IVF cycle in the


overall context of patient discomfort, complications
and costs.
每個 IVF 週期的足月單胞胎出生率中的整體病人舒
適度 , 服從醫囑性及成本
 Approach is to encourage the development of
patient-friendly protocols with less stress, discomfort
and side effects.
方法是鼓勵建立使用較少壓力 , 較低不適感 , 及較
少副作用的病人友善方案
Heijnen E at al, Hum Reprod Sep 2004 1
Implications and Benefits of
Improved Treatment
被改進的治療的涵義和好處

The Australian Experience with the GONAL-f (FbM)


Prefilled Pen: 澳洲使用果納芬注射筆的經驗
 The pen was launched in Australia on March 1st
2004 注射筆於 2004 年三月在澳洲上市
 The first in the world to use it were patients of
IVFAustralia 全球第一次使用在 IVFAustralia 診所
 Share experiences of patients using the pen in
our Australian clinic
與我們澳洲的診所分享病人使用經驗
IVFAustralia
IVFAustralia 診所簡介

 Amalgamation of 4 Sydney Clinics in 2002.


2002 年合併四家雪梨的診所
 Merged with Melbourne IVF Oct 2008 - private
2008 年十月合併墨爾本的試管嬰兒中心 - 私人
 9000 retrievals per year
每年可追蹤 9000 例
 Australian Govt. heavily subsidises IVF incl. Drugs
澳洲政府大力補貼試管嬰兒療程 , 包含藥物
 Committed to Single embryo transfers <40yrs
致力於四十歲以下的單一胚胎移植
 Usual protocols involve LDR + Day 5 transfers
常用 Low Down regulation( 長方案 )+ 取卵後第五日移植
Patient Acceptance Survey of the
GONAL-f (FbM) Prefilled Pen
in IVF Australia:
對果納芬注射筆在 IVF Australia 診所接受試管嬰 兒的病人
接受度調
 Standardized questionnaire of eleven questions
包含 11 個問題的標準問卷
 140 patients in 201 cycles
140 個病人共 201 個週期
 5-point scale; very easy (1) through to very difficult (5)
五分量表 ; 一分表示很簡單到五分表示很困難
 Questions asked about: 問題含括 :
– Learning, using, preparing, dialing dose, confusion,
number of steps, pain experienced and storage
學習 , 使用 , 準備 , 劑量設定 , 困惑 ,
多少步驟 , 經歷的疼痛與儲存
Patient Survey Groups
接受調 的病人族群

• Patients who are undergoing their first In-Vitro Fertilization


stimulation cycle. ( N = 37 )
第一次進行 IVF 體外授精的刺激週期的病人 (37 位 )

• Patients who have used other injection methods in


previous In-Vitro Fertilization cycles. ( N = 74)
之前使用其他注射方法的 IVF 體外授精週期病人 (74 位 )
6. Patients with previous experience of the “Puregon” pen.
(N = 29 )
之前使用過 Puregon 注射筆的病人 (29 位 )
Patient Questionnaire
對病人的問卷調
• Learning to use the pen 學習使用注射筆

• Preparing the pen for its first use 第一次使用的準備工作

• Using the pen each day 每天使用注射筆

• Dialling the correct dose 設定正確劑量

• Amount of confusion 引起困惑的次數

• Number of steps needed to use the pen 使用注射器的步驟數目

• Potential for making errors 犯錯的可能性

• Confidence in accuracy of dose 正確劑量的信心

• Amount of pain on injection 注射疼痛的指標

• Storage of the pen 注射筆的儲存

• Support material received 支援教學的資料


Patients: n= 37
(no previous ART experience) 之前無進行過人工生殖的病人

1 2 3 4 5
Learning

Preparing

Using

Dialing dose

Confusion

Number steps

Errors

Storage

Pain

Supporting
Material

Very easy Easy Average/ Difficult Very difficult


No opinion
非常容易 容易 無意見 困難 非常困難
Patients: n= 74
(no previous pen experience) 之前無使用過注射筆的病人
1 2 3 4 5
Learning

Preparing

Using

Dialing dose

Confusion

Number steps

Errors

Storage

Pain

Supporting
Material

Very easy Easy Average/ Difficult Very difficult


No opinion
非常容易 容易 無意見 困難 非常困難
Previous Puregon Pen Users (n=29)
之前使用過 Puregon 注射筆的病人

GONAL-f (FbM) pen Puregon pen

Learning

Preparing

Using

Dialing dose

Confusion

Number of
steps to inject
Pain
Storage

Very easy Easy Average/ Difficult Very difficult


No opinion

非常容易 容易 無意見 困難 非常困難


Cycle characteristics during study
Multidose Puregon Gonal-F
FSH Pen Pen
No. cycles 週期數 171 149 503
Av. Age (yrs) 平均年齡 37.4 35.9 36.6
Failed stim.(%) 刺激失敗比率 8.2 7.4 7.2
Av. No. eggs 平均取卵數 9.8 11.3 10.3

Cancelled cycle (risk of OHSS) 5.8 4.7 2.4


(%) 因 OHSS 取消週期比率
Av. Embryos Transferred 1.8 1.6 1.4
平均胚胎移植數目
Outcome known (cycles) 128 114 369
已知成功週期
Pregnancy rate 35.9% 40.4% 40.7%
懷孕率
Cycle characteristics during study / 2007
Multidose Puregon Gonal-F Gonal-F
FSH Pen Pen pen 2007
No. cycles 週期數 171 149 503 3470
Av. Age (yrs) 平均年齡 37.4 35.9 36.6 36.9
Failed stim.(%) 刺激失敗 8.2 7.4 7.2 6.0
比率
Av. No. eggs 平均取卵數 9.8 11.3 10.3 9.3
Cancelled cycle (risk of 5.8 4.7 2.4 2.2
OHSS) (%) 因 OHSS 取消
週期比率
Av. Embryos Transferred 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3
平均胚胎移植數目
Outcome known (cycles) 128 114 369 3470
已知成功週期
Pregnancy rate 35.9% 40.4% 40.7% 37.8%
懷孕率
‘Patient Acceptance’ Outcome
‘ 病人接受度’ 結果
 GONAL-f® (FbM) Prefilled Pen enjoys a very high level of
patient acceptance compared with the Puregon pen, due to
its:
果納芬注射筆比保妊康有較高的接受度 , 因為果納芬注射筆

– greater ease of use 較容易使用


• shorter learning phase 較短的學習過程
– minimal pain 減少疼痛

 Increased confidence towards the GONAL-f ® (FbM) Prefilled


Pen results in a higher patient compliance 對使用果納芬注射
筆的高度信心使病人服從醫囑度較高
IVFAustralia Nurses
IVFAustralia 診所護士的評分

1 2 3 4 5
Learning

Using

Preparing

Dialing dose

Confusion

Number steps

Errors
Storage
Very easy Easy Average/ Difficult Very difficult
No opinion

非常容易 容易 無意見 困難 非常困難


Patient experience with follitropin alfa prefilled pen versus
previously used injectable gonadotropins for ovulation
induction in oligoanovulatory women.
在無 / 過少排卵症的婦女誘發排卵療程中 , 比較使用性腺激素 alpha 注射
筆 ( 果納芬注射筆 ) 及之前的注射性腺激素經驗

 61 Women aged 18-40 undergoing OI for anovulation


61 位介於 18-40 歲進行誘發排卵療程的無排卵症的婦女
 Prospective open-label clinical trial, 9 US centres
前瞻性開放性的臨床試驗 , 含括九個美國中心
 Patient satisfaction questionnaires
病人滿意度的問卷調查
 Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who
preferred the prefilled pen compared to previous
injectable gonadotropin therapies.
主要目的是調查和之前的注射性腺激素比較 , 使用注
射筆滿意的病人比率
Somkuti S et al, Curr Med res Opin, Oct 2006 1
Results:
結果

 61/61 preferred the pen to other injectables


全部 61 個實驗對象 , 和之前的注射比較 , 較喜歡注射筆
 89% thought the pen instructions were easy to understand…
only 29% with the syringe
89% 認為注射筆的說明較容易瞭解 , 僅 29% 之前使用針筒
 When preparing their dose, fewer patients needed to contact
their health care provider with the pen (3%) than the syringe
(19%)
在準備注射時 , 使用注射筆的病人較少需要和醫護人員聯繫 (3%),
而使用針筒需要和醫護人員聯繫的是 19%
 All 61 found the pen less stressful to use and would
recommend it to another patient.
所有 61 個病人認為注射筆較不疼痛且願意推薦給其他人

Somkuti S et al, Curr Med res Opin, Oct 2006 2


A comparison of the efficacy, tolerability and convenience of two
formulations of follitropin-α in Iranian women undergoing ICSI cycles
在進行 ICSI 療程的伊朗婦女 , 比較療程使用兩種性腺激素 alpha 注射
劑型 ( 果納芬注射筆與傳統針筒 ) 的效果 , 耐受度及方便性

 100 patients randomized to pen or syringe


100 個病人隨機分到筆型或是傳統針筒組
 Primary outcomes: patients’ satisfaction,
convenience, occurrence of local tolerance
symptoms and pain
主要指標 : 病人的滿意度 , 方便性 , 局部不良反應的耐受
性及疼痛
 Secondary outcomes: dosage, oocyte and embryo
numbers, clinical pregnancies
次要指標 : 劑量 , 取卵數及胚胎數 , 臨床懷孕率
 Visual analogue scale used for pain score
使用疼痛量表 Aghassi MM, Fert & Ster, Oct 2008
A comparison of the efficacy, tolerability and convenience of
two formulations of follitropin-α in Iranian women
undergoing ICSI cycles
在進行 ICSI 療程的伊朗婦女 , 比較療程使用兩種性腺激素 alpha
注射劑型 ( 果納芬注射筆與傳統針筒 ) 的效果 , 耐受度及方便性

比較使用注射筆和傳統針頭的病人自行注射的比率 , 滿意度和方便

注射筆 傳統針筒

自行注射
病人滿意度
非常滿意
滿意
不滿意
病人方便度
很方便
方便
不方便

Aghassi MM, Fert & Ster, Oct 2008


A comparison of the efficacy, tolerability and convenience of
two formulations of follitropin-α in Iranian women
undergoing ICSI cycles
在進行 ICSI 療程的伊朗婦女 , 比較療程使用兩種性腺激素 alpha
注射劑型 ( 果納芬注射筆與傳統針筒 ) 的效果 , 耐受度及方便性
比較使用注射筆和傳統針頭的臨床結果

注射筆 傳統針筒
總劑量
天數
取卵數
MII 卵數
胚胎數
移植數
懷孕
單次懷孕
流產
子宮外孕
繼續懷孕
取卵人數
胚胎移植人數

Aghassi MM, Fert & Ster, Oct 2008


A comparison of the efficacy, tolerability and convenience of
two formulations of follitropin-α in Iranian women
undergoing ICSI cycles
在進行 ICSI 療程的伊朗婦女 , 比較療程使用兩種性腺激素 alpha
注射劑型 ( 果納芬注射筆與傳統針筒 ) 的效果 , 耐受度及方便性

比較使用注射筆和傳統針頭的局部彭痛耐受度

注射筆 傳統針筒
局部反應
發燙
發紅
發燙且變紅
發燙且變紅腫
平均疼痛指數

Aghassi MM, Fert & Ster, Oct 2008


Using a “patient friendly” Pen….
使用病人友善的注射筆… .
Why ?
 It makes good business sense
以商業營運來講是有利的
 If you make the cycle more acceptable
如果治療週期是更被接受的
= more cycles 較多的週期
=more patients will want treatment WITH YOU !
病人較願意跟你進行治療
Conclusions
 Innovations in Fertility Treatment are key to successful outcome
 生殖醫學的創新是成功的關鍵
– Efficacy of the medication 藥品的效果
– Administration devices to increase patient compliance
注射輔助器材增加病人的服從醫囑度
 The GONAL-f (FbM) Prefilled Pen : 果納芬注射筆
– Delivers the most consistent follicle-stimulating hormone
提供最一致的濾泡刺激素
– Is administered through an accurate and ready-to-use prefilled pen
以正確及馬上可使用的預填式筆型注射器
 The GONAL-f Pen has demonstrated ‘ in practice’ :
以實際經驗證實果納芬注射筆是
– improved efficacy results by a more consistent ovarian stimulation
可以更一致的卵巢刺激來改善效果
– Higher patient acceptance improving patient compliance and confidence
高度的病人接受度改善病人的服從醫囑性及自信
Dr Ric Porter
FRCOG FRANZCOG CREI DDU

IVFAustralia

Thank you

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