UML Basics
The top section gives the class name, the middle section describes the fields, and the bottom section describes the methods. The middle and bottom sections are optional, but the top section is required.
An object is described using a rectangle box with two sections.
The top section is required. It gives the objects name and its defining class. The second section is optional; it indicates the objects field values.
The symbols +, - and # are used to denote, respectively, public, private, and protected modifiers in the UML. The static fields and methods are underlined.
public access modifier: the + sign in UML Fields, methods and constructors declared public (least restrictive) within a public class are accessible by all class in the Java program, whether these classes are in the same package or in another package. For simplicity, just take package as the file folder in Windows Note: in one application program, there is only and only one public class Fields/methods are called Class fields/method/member, i.e., you dont need to create an instance to use them; the convention is to use the classname.methodName notation
private access modifier: the sign in UML The private (most restrictive) fields or methods cannot be accessed outside the enclosing/declaring class. To make all fields private, provide public getter/setter methods for them. The getter is used to set the values of the data fields The setter is used to change/modifier the fields
protected access modifier: the # sign in UML Fields, methods and constructors declared protected in a class can be accessed only by subclasses in other packages and by those in the same class even if they are not a subclass of the protected members class.
Good! What is this Modifier? -radius: double Public Private Final Protected Static Default
Public Private
Final
Protected
Static
Default
Public
Private
Final
Protected
Static
Default
How do you tell which method is a constructor? To access private methods, you need public _______ and ________ methods. (Also called Accessors and Mutators)
A modifier with no symbol is accessible only within the same folder or __________.
see
see
see
class Rectangle
Rectangle class
It has two private or local variables, and a static or global variable that is shared.
Rectangle class
The default constructor (with no parameters) - it will use the initialized values for height, width, and color.
Rectangle class
// Constructor public Rectangle(double width, double height) { this.width = width this.height = height; The Rectangle constructor }
needs two doubles. If you wish to use the same name in the parameters (formal and actual) you use
this.
Rectangle class
In order to access or make changes to private variables, you need sets and gets. (Accessors and Mutators)
Rectangle class
Rectangle class
public static String getColor() { return color; } public static void setColor(String color) { Rectangle.color = color; }
Color is static- it can be shared and changed- with all rectangle objects.
Rectangle class
public double getArea() { return width * height; } public double getPerimeter() { return 2 * (width + height); }
Now we just need the methods to get the area and perimeter of a rectangle object.
Rectangle class
class Rectangle { // Data members private double width = 1, height = 1; private static String color = "yellow"; // Constructor public Rectangle() { } // Constructor public Rectangle(double width, double height) { this.width = width; this.height = height; } public double getWidth() { return width; } public double getHeight() { return height; } public static String getColor() { return color; }
public static void setColor(String color) { Rectangle.color = color; } public double getArea() { return width * height; } public double getPerimeter() { return 2 * (width + height); } }
TestRectangle class
To see if it works you now have to create a TestRectangle class. - which includes main.
TestRectangle class
Rectangle myRect1 = new Rectangle(); Rectangle myRect2 = new Rectangle(4, 40); Rectangle myRect3 = new Rectangle(3.5, 35.9)
Lets create three rectangles, one default and two with different parameters.
TestRectangle class
To see if it worked, lets print out the first one. Compile and run. Get it?
TestRectangle class
This is the rectangle object with no parameters. You can print out the height and width if you wish.
The area of a rectangle with width 1.0 and height 1.0 is 1.0 The perimeter of a rectangle is 4.0 The color is yellow
TestRectangle class
TestRectangle class
The area of the rectangle is 160.0 The perimeter is 88.0 The color is yellow
TestRectangle class
Lets try something a little different. Set the color for the third rectangle to red before you print it out.
myRect3.setColor("red");
System.out.println("The area of the rectangle is " + myRect3.getArea()); System.out.println("The perimeter is " + myRect3.getPerimeter()); System.out.println("The color is " + myRect3.getColor());
TestRectangle class
The area of the rectangle is 125.64999999999999 The perimeter is 78.8 The color is red