Presentan: dr. Rusdianto Anggota kelompok: dr. Indra Permana dr. Tri Wahyuni
PENDAHULUAN
Kasus ASLI Alasan mengankat kasus:
Kasus kedaruratan 5 besar penyebab AKI tertinggi di Indonesia
Fokus pembicaraan:
Penanganan kasus eklampsia
Tujuan presentasi:
Menambah wawasan mengenai penggunaan MgSO4 dalam penanganan kasus ekampsia
DATA DEMOGRAFIS
Alamat : Dusun Sekip, Rt 05/Rw 05 Kec. Sungai Kunyit, Kab. Pontianak Agama : Islam Suku : melayu Pekerjaan : ibu rumah tangga Jenis kelamin : perempuan
DATA BIOLOGIK
Umur : 18 tahun Tinggi badan : 157 cm Berat badan : 60 kg
ANAMNESIS
(21/07/2011)
Riwayat Perkawinan :
Menikah 1 kali
Riwayat Obstetrik :
Kehamilan saat ini merupakan kehamilan yang pertama
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
Berat badan Tinggi badan Keadan umum Kesadaran Tanda vital
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
STATUS GENERALIS
Mata : konjungtiva tidak anemis, sklera tidak ikterik, pupil isokor (3mm/3mm), refleks cahaya +/+ THT : tidak ditemukan kelainan Leher : tidak ditemukan kelainan Jantung: tidak ditemukan kelainan Paru : tidak ditemukan kelainan Ekstrimitas: pitting edema pretibial bilateral
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
STATUS OBSTETRIK : 21/07/11(06.20WIB) Pemeriksaan luar : TFU : 3 jari px (32 cm) DJJ : 160x/menit His :2x/10 , 20-40 Kedudukan: kepala Punggung :kiri Pemeriksaan dalam Pembukaan : lengkap Presentasi : kepala Hodge : III Caput :+ Ketuban :-
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
Proteinurin : (-)
DIAGNOSIS
Inpartu Kala II pada G1P0A0 Hamil aterm dengan Eklampsia
TERAPI (IGD)
Akselserasi persalinan dengan injeksi syntosinon 5 IU drip dalam RL 20 tetes/menit Rencana partus pervaginam
FOLLOW UP :
21-07-2011, pukul 06.45WIB Sudah partus spontan dengan akselerasi persalinan, anak perempuan hidup, apgar score 3/5 langsung dirawat di perinatologi. Plasenta lahir spontan, lengkap, perineum intak Perdarahan 150cc, kontraksi uterus baik Tekanan darah Post partus 130/90 mmHg observasi tanda-tanda vital, perdarahan.
21-07-2011, pukul 07.50WIB S : kejang O : TD 170/100 mmHg A : Eklampsia P : pertahankan jalan nafas (tongue spatula) Oksigen 4L/menit Diazepam 10mg (IV lambat)
21-07-2011, pukul 08.00WIB S : kejang berhenti. Pasien tidak sadar O : Kesadaran : koma tekanan darah : 170/100 mmHg nadi : 80 x/menit, teratur, kuat angkat pernapasan : 18 x/menit, teratur suhu : 370C Proteinurin : + (kualitatif) A : Eklampsia P : pertahankan jalan napas Oksigen 4L/mt
22-07-2011, pukul 07.50WIB S : keluhan (-), kejang (-) O : KU baik TD 170/100 mmHg, Nadi: 84x/mt, teratur, isi cukup, RR 16x/mt Konjungtiva tidak anemis TFU 2 jari umbilikus, kontraksi uterus baik urine: jernih; produksi urin 1500cc/24jam Lab: Hb 14,5 gr/dl, Protein urin (-) A : Post partus hari ke II dengan eklampsia P : off Dower Catheter & infus Boleh pulang
The Eclampsia Trial Collaborative Group. Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia? Evidence from the collaborative eclampsia trial. Lancet. 1995;345:14551463.
mechanism of action
mechanism of action remains unclear Several possible mechanisms of action:
acting as a vasodilator (either peripherally or in the cerebral circulation) to relieve vasoconstriction protecting the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) decrease cerebral edema formation as a central anticonvulsant
The Eclampsia Trial Collaborative Group (1995) Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia? Evidence from the Collaborative Eclampsia Trial. Lancet 345:145563
WHO recommendations for Prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (2011) The full intravenous or intramuscular magnesium sulfate regimens are recommended for the prevention and treatment of eclampsia.
(Moderate-quality evidence. Strong recommendation.)
THE SOCIETY OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNAECOLOGYSTS OF CANADA (SOGC) CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE
(2008)
The initial intravenous treatment protocol was MgSO4 4g IV bolus, followed by an infusion of 1 g/hour; a recurrent seizure was treated with another 2 to 4 g IV bolus.
magnesium sulfate (4g over 10-15 minutes) followed by an infusion (1-2g/hr). In the event of a further seizure, a further 2-4g of magnesium sulphate is given IV over 10 minutes.
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Clinical Guidelines : The management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy 2010
loading dose of 4 g should be given intravenously over 5 minutes, followed by an infusion of 1 g/hour maintained for 24 hours recurrent seizures should be treated with a further dose of 24 g given over 5 minutes.
LOADING DOSE
4 gram MgSO4: intravena (40% dalam 10cc) selama 15 menit
MAINTENANCE DOSE
infus 6 gram dalam RL/6 jam; atau Injeksi 4 atau 5 gram IM
LOADING DOSE
MgSO4 4 gram IV sebagai larutan 40% selama 5 menit. Segera dilanjutkan dengan pemberian 10 gram MgSO4 50% masing-masing 5 gram bokong kanan dan kiri secara IM, ditambah 1ml lignokain 2% pada semprit yang sama. Jika kejang berulang setelah 15 menit, berikan MgSO4 2 gram (larutan 40% IV selama 5 menit
MAINTENANCE DOSE
MgSO4 1-2 gram per jam per infus, 15 tetes/menit atau 5 gram MgSO4 IM tiap 4 jam Lanjutkan pemberian MgSO4 sampai 24 jam pasca persalinan atau kejang terakhir
WHO Recommendations for the Use of Magnesium Sulphate at the Primary Health Care Level (May 2006)
WHO Recommendations for the Use of Magnesium Sulphate at the Primary Health Care Level (May 2006)
Institute of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Royal College of Physicians of Ireland THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE, 2011
Magnesium sulphate is given as a loading dose followed by a continuous infusion for 24 hours or until 24 hours after delivery - whichever is the later. The loading dose is 4g magnesium sulphate i.v. over 5 10 minutes.
Magnesium sulphate 4g in 50ml. This should be administered intravenously over 10 minutes as a loading or bolus dose
LOADING DOSE ALONE VS LOADING DOSE PLUS MAINTENANCE (women with eclampsia)
When loading dose alone was compared with loading dose plus maintenance regimen for women with eclampsia, one trial (401 women) showed no statistically significant differences in the critical outcomes of recurrent convulsions and maternal death, and the proxy outcome for perinatal death, stillbirth
The loading dose employed in this trial was 4 g intravenous (IV) plus 6 g intramuscular (IM), while the maintenance was 2.5 g IM every 4 hours for 24 hours.
The trial had very serious limitations with regard to its quality and the resulting data were generally imprecise.
WHO recommendations for Prevention and treatment of preeclampsia and eclampsia, 2011
LOWER DOSE REGIMENS VS STANDARD DOSE REGIMENS OVER 24 HOURS (women with eclampsia)
A small trial (50 women) compared low-dose regimen (4 g IV + 8 g IM as loading dose, then 2,5 g IM/4 hs for 24 hs) with the standard regimen (4 g IV + 8 g IM as loading dose, then 4 g IM/4 hs for 24 hs) The only case of recurrent convulsion in the trial was reported among women treated with the lowdose regimen (a highly imprecise and unreliable data for this critical outcome) No statistically significant differences were observed between the two treatment groups for admission to neonatal special care unit and any baby death
WHO recommendations for Prevention and treatment of preeclampsia and eclampsia, 2011
Short regimen
1st trial: stoppingmaintenance therapy after the onset of diuresis 2nd trial: individualised therapy based on clinical criteria 3rd trial: 12 hours postpartum maintenance therapy
Two of these trials, accounting for approximately two thirds of the participants, were at a low or no risk of bias while one was at a moderate risk of bias. None of the women in these trials developed any of the critical outcomes addressed: eclampsia (two trials, 394 women); magnesium sulfate toxicity (one trial, 196 women)
WHO recommendations for Prevention and treatment of preeclampsia and eclampsia, 2011