AV bundle: passes through hole in cardiac connective tissue skeleton to reach interventricular septum
Right and left bundle branches: extend beneath endocardium to apices of right and left ventricles
AV Node, and Delay of Impulse Conduction from the Atria to the Ventricles
Location of the A-V node: in the posterior wall of the right atrium immediately behind the tricuspid valve there is a delay of 0.09 second in the A-V node A delay of another 0.04 second occurs mainly in A-V bundle Thus, the total delay in the A-V nodal and A-V bundle system is about 0.13 second.
AV Node, and Delay of Impulse Conduction from the Atria to the Ventricles
Cause of the Slow Conduction: caused mainly by decreased numbers of gap junctions b/w successive cells in the conducting pathways Importance of AV nodal delay: this delay allows time for the atria to empty their blood into the ventricles before ventricular contraction begins.
They are very large fibers, even larger than the normal ventricular muscle fibers and they transmit action potentials at a velocity of 1.5 to 4.0 m/sec, a velocity about 6 times that in the usual ventricular muscle and 150 times that in some of the A-V nodal fibers.
Cause of rapid transmission: The rapid transmission of action potentials by Purkinje fibers is believed to be caused by a very high level of permeability of the gap junctions at the intercalated discs between the successive cells that make up the Purkinje fibers.
FUNCTION: rapid transmission in Purkinje fibers is responsible for synchronous contraction of ventricular muscle.
Conduction velocities of heart tissues: ATRIAL MUSCLE= 0.3m/sec INTERNODAL PATHWAYS= 1m/sec AV NODE: slowest 0.050.1m/sec AV BUNDLE & BRANCHES/PURKINJE SYSTEM: Maximum velocity= 1.54m/sec VENTRICULAR MUSCLE= 0.5m/sec