Supervised by : Dr.

Khaled El-Sawy
ID# Name
200303838 Saeed Mohammad Al Kaabi
200304178 Ahmed Obaid Al Dhaheri
200303853 Mohammad Owais AL Daraei
200303840 Ahmed Abdullah Al Braiki
United Arab Emirates University
College of Engineering
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Industrial Training & Graduation Projects

-Introduction
-Structural design of :
o Slabs
o Beams
o Stairs
o Columns
o Tie-beams
o Footing
-Environmental, Financial, and Social Impact
-Conclusion

.f
c
` Compressive strength of concrete = 28MPa
.f
y
Yielding strength of steel = 420 MPa
.I
g
Moment of inertia
.A
g
Area gross
.I
e
Effective moment of inertia
.w
u
Ultimate weight
.V
u
Ultimate shear
.M
u
Ultimate bending moment
.M
cr
Cracking moment
.I
cr
Cracking moment of inertia
.K Effective length factor
.E
c
Elasticity of concrete



The considered low-rise building consists of three blocks

The Majles and Kitchen were designed in GP-I

The Villa is designed in GP-II

The slabs, beams, columns, tie- beams, stairs and footings are
structurally designed.

This structural design in project followed the ACI-318-02M code.

Prokon, AutoCAD and Excel sheets are used in the design.

Project area = 903 m
2

Each floor area of villa

Ground floor = 338 m
2

First floor = 261 m
2

Each floor consist of several bedrooms, sitting rooms,
family hall

Kitchen in ground floor


What is structural design?
It is finding concrete dimensions and reinforcing steel areas of each
structural element with insurance of safety and serviceability of the
member.

Before designing :

Type of the structural element (i.e., beam, column etc)

The loads carried by the member

The architectural limitations on the member dimensions

Figure 2:
Architectural plan for first floor.
Figure 1:
Architectural plan for ground floor.
Figure 3:Typical structural elements
it is one way
blocks and solid part for R1:












5.3m
5.2m
2 >
short
long
L
L
0.3m
0.43m
n
b
=22
n
r
=7
Width of Rib 0.2m
Width of Block 0.38m
No. of Ribs n
r
7
No. of Blocks along Ls n
b
22
Width of Solid part S
1
0.43m
Width of Solid part along Ls (S
2
) 0.3m
L 5.3m
Ls 5.2m
m
kN
8.104 0.58) 1.7(2 1.4(4.28) 1.7(L.L) 1.4(D.L) w
u
= + = + =
Load Calculation

160 160 160 420
420
380 200 380 200
Block
Rib
300
60
Dimensions in mm
cover) (floor block) of (weight rib) of (weight slab) top of (weight D.L + + + =
m
kN
4.38 0.58) (2 0.2) (5 25) 1 0.3
2
0.2 0.16
( 25) 1 0.58 (0.06 D.L = + +
+
+ =
Figure 4: Drawing for ribbed slab (R1)

Figure 5: Binding moment diagram for R1
Bending Moment for Simply Supported Rib R1
Length (m)
Bending moment
(kN.mm)
Figure 6: Required steel area for R1
Area of steel is 252mm
2
(2#13)
Steel Area R1
Length (m)
Steel Area
(mm
2
)
Shear design for R1
Length (m)
Shear Force
(kN.mm)
Figure 7: Shear diagram for R1
From PROKON software (Vu = 21.1 kn)












stirrups need
2
V
V
20.24KN,
2
0.85x47.6
2
V
c
u
c
>
= =
22.78kN
0.85
0.85(47.6) 21.1

V V
V
c u
s
=

=



mm
V
d f A
S
s
y v
450 434
22780
300 420 5 . 78
~ =

= =
S w c s
V kN d b f V > = = = 4 . 190 300 180 28
3
2
3
2
max ,
kN 6 . 7 4 300 180 28
6
1
d b f
6
1
V
w c c
= = =
From PROKON software (Vu = 21.1 kN)












#10@150mm choose
150mm S
994mm
180
3x2x71x420
b
f 3A
150mm 0.5(300) 0.5d
600mm
of smallest S
max
w
y v
max

=
(
(
(
(
(
(

= =
= = =
95.25kN 300 180 28
3
1
d b f
3
1
V
w c s
= = s
22.78kN V
s
=


mm S 450 =
2#13
2#10
#10@150mm
Check Deflection for R1
Simply supported beam
Minimum thickness of R1 = L/16 = 5.2/16=0.325 m
The actual thickness of R1= 0.36 m > 0.325
It is acceptable
Steel Arrangement

Figure 6:
Final drawing for ribbed slab (R1)
77.112kN/m 8.26 1.7 45.05 1.4 1.7W 1.4W W
8.26kN/m W
45.05kN/m 10.5 3 3 28.55
W W O.W reaction) (from W W
kN/m. 10.5 3.5 3 h 3kN/m W
3kN/m 25 0.3 (0.2x2) W
kN/m. 3 0.2 0.6 25 b h O.W
8.26kN/m
0.58
2.72 2.07
0.58
R
reaction) rib (from W
28.55kN/m
0.58
7.15 9.41
0.58
R
reaction) rib (from W
L D u
L.L
D(wall) part solid beam D D.Total
2
D.L(Wall)
part Soild
beam
L.L
L.L
D.L
D.L
= + = + =
=
= + + + =
+ + + =
= = =
= =
= = =
=
+
= =
=
+
= =
Beam : DB5




20cm
350cm
Solid
part
Solid
part
20cm
20cm
20cm
Beam
30cm
30cm
Wall
Steel arrangement

Figure 7: Drawing of DB5
Figure 8: The stair design.
Slope of the stairs
1
28.98
380
210
tan = =

Length of the stair
Thickness to control deflection
4.342m = 1 . 2 3.8 = L
2 2
+
mm mm
L
h 300 272
20
1100 4342
20
min
~ =
+
= =
Load calculation for the stair
2.8kN/m 1.4 2 w
/ 1 . 16 5 . 10 8 . 2 8 . 2 w
/ 8 . 2 4 . 1 2 w
/ 8 . 2 25 08 . 0 4 . 1 w
/ 5 . 10 25 3 . 0 4 . 1 o.w
Liveload
L D.
cover floor
step
slab
total
= =
= + + =
= =
= = =
= = =
m kN
m kN
m kN h b
m kN h b
stair
beam

m kN L L w
m kN L D w
/ 8 . 2 .
/ 4 . 18
cos
1 . 16
.
2
1
= =
= = =
u
Length (m)
Bending moment
(kN.mm)
Length (m)
Area of steel (mm
2
)
From Prokon A
s
=1270mm
2
should be between A
s, min
and A
s
,
max


A
smin
= 0.0033*1400*230=1062.6 mm
2

A
s,max
= 0.02125*1400*230=6842.5 mm
2
, A
smin
< A
s
< A
smax so we
will use 7 bars diameter 16



0.02125
420 600
600
420
28 0.85 0.85
0.75
f 600
600
f
` f` 0.85
(0.75)
0.0033
0.00315
420 4
28
0.0033
420
1.4
4f
f
f
1.4
of greater
y y
c
max
y
c
y
min
1
=
|
.
|

\
|
+

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
=
(
(
(
(

=
=
(
(
(
(
(

=
Length (m)
V (kN)
Length (m)
A
s
(mm
2
/mm)
Shear design
stirrups for need no so kN
V
V
kN d b
f
V
KN V
c
u
w
c
c
u
, 7 . 120
2
4 . 241 10 230 1400
6
28
85 . 0
6
'
82 . 70
3
= <
= = =
=

|
| |
stirrups f or need no so kN
V
V
kN d b
f
V
kN V
c
u
w
c
c
u
, 4 . 157
2
8 . 314 10 300 1400
6
28
85 . 0
6
'
86
3
= <
= = =
=

|
| |
mm h S
S than less be should mm spacing
900 300 3 3
200
7
1400
max
max
= = =
= =
Figure 9
The drawing for the stair.
Column (C1)
2 12
d
g c
L D
D
d
4 9
3 3
g
u
c u
3
N.mm 8.33x10
1
/2.5 I E
EI
0.88
P
P

buckling Check
19.58kN x4.35 0.3x0.6x25 Weight Own
mm 1.35x10
12
600x300
12
bh
I
968kN P
0.09m 0.3x0.3 0.3h r
29000MPa E 4.35m, l , kN/m 25
600mm x 300mm is section cross column Assume
frame unbraced 1.5, K Assume
=
+
=
= =
= =
= = =
=
= = =
= = =
=
+
Column (C1)

1.51 K : figure(9) Using
2.78
EI/l
EI/l

1.08
EI/l
EI/l

beam n
column u
B
beam n
column u
A
=
= =
= =

72.02kN.m hP
h
e
M
0.08 0.03
0.3
0.015
h
e
3.1
P /0.75 P 1
1

N 10 19.06
) (Kl
EI
P
u s u
c u
s
5
2
u
2
c
= =
= + =
=

=
= =

Figure 10
Effective length factor K
Column (C1)

300mm spacing tie Then
300mm
456mm
300mm
305.6mm
of smallest ties of Spacing
#10 is size tie Then
19) # 7 (choose
1800mm 600 300 0.01 A A
0.01 use
0.78Ksi 89 5.38MPa/6.
0.6 0.3
968
A
P
0.2Ksi 89 1.33MPa/6.
3 0.3x0.6x0.
72.02
h A
M
2
g s
min
g
u
g
u
=
=
(
(
(

=
= = =
=
= =

=
= = =
Figure 11
Interaction Diagram
Figure 12:
The drawing for the column C1.
Tie-beam (TB1)

The longest tie beam is TB1 which has a length of 7m
which was designed as the critical case. Then, compared
with the minimum steel area and take the biggest area of
steel:-
In practice, A
s,min
should be greater than the area of steel in
a column that can enough to resist at least 10% of the
heavily loaded column load (maximum load is 968 kn)
In practice A
s,min
> 0.5 % A
concrete of tie beam x-sec


Length (m)
M (kN.mm)
Length (m)
V (kN)
Figure 13: Moment diagram and shear diagram for TB1.
For TB1 , A
s
=573 mm
2
which is (3 # 16) and compare it with:
10% of the column load (maximum load is 968 kN)
1- A
s,min
=(10% P
u
) / (0.9 F
y
) =0.1 968 1000 / 0.9 420 = 256 mm
2
(2 # 13)
All the tie beams have a cross-section 20cm x 60cm
2- A
s,min
= 0.5 % A
concrete
= 0.005 200 600 = 600mm
2
(3 # 16)
So, the biggest area is 3 # 16.
For shear (stirrups):


max s, s
w c max s,
sv s
sv
V V 395.1kN
560 200 28
3
2
d b f
3
2
V
1 Check
kN 38.5728 0.164 420 560
A fy d V Find,
957mm
0.164
78.5 2
S So,
S
As n
fy d
Vs
0.164 A
< =
= =
= =
=
=

= =
#10@280mm choose
S S
280mm S
989.1mm
b
f 3A
280mm 0.5d
600mm
of smallest S
197.6kN 560 200 28
3
1
d b f
3
1
V
2 Check
max
max
w
y v
max
w c s

>
=
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
= =
= = s
Footing (F1)
94.8kN 20.2 26 48.6 TB1) (from P P
291kN 40 251 B11) (from P P
253.5kN 35.5 218 HB10) (from P P
L D
L D
L D
= + + = +
= + = +
= + = +
( ) 2.2m 2.2m Choose 4.69m
150
63.93 639.3
A
63.93kN ) P (P 0.1 P Assume
A capacity bearing P P P
639.3kN3 94.8 291 253.5 P P
150kN/m 1.5Kg/cm capacity Bearing
F1
2
footing
L D extra
footing extra L D
L D
2 2
=
+
=
= + =
= + +
= + + = +
= =
0.95m
0.3m
0.6m
2.2m
2.2m
0.8m
180.76kN.m )
2
0.95
( 0.95 2.2 227.44 )
2
z
( Lz q M
122.6kN.m )
2
0.8
( 0.8 2.2 227.44 )
2
z
( Bz q M
227.44kN/m
2.2 2.2
1100.8
A
1.7L 1.4D
q
150kN/m 136.05kN/m
2.2 2.2
19.206 639.3
A
P P P

63.93kN 19.206kN 15) 0.4)(24 0.6(1.5 0.3 15) 0.4(24 2.2 2.2
) h)( lb(1.5 ) LBh( P
: Check
2
2 u long u,
1
1 u short u,
2
chosen
u
2 2
chosen
extra L D
soil concrete soil concrete extra
= = =
= = =
=

=
+
=
< =

+
=
+ +
=
< = + =
+ =
12#16) (choose 2323.2mm 320 2200 0.0033 bd A
choose
0.02125
420 600
600
420
28 0.85 0.85
0.75
f 600
600
f
` f` 0.85
(0.75)
0.0033
0.00315
420 4
28
0.0033
420
1.4
4f
f
f
1.4
of greater
0.00216
28 0.85
0.89 2
1 1
420
28 0.85
` 0.85f`
2R
1 1
f
` 0.85f`

0.89MPa 891.52kN/m
0.08) (0.4 2.2 0.9
180.76
bd
M
R
ent reinforcem Long
2
s
min min
y y
c
max
y
c
y
min
c
n
y
c
2
2 2
u
long
1
= = =
<
=
|
.
|

\
|
+

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
=
(
(
(
(

=
=
(
(
(
(

=
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
= =

= =
11#16) (choose 2178mm 300 2200 0.0033 A
) choose 0.00167(
28 0.85
0.69 2
1 1
420
28 0.85

0.69MPa 688kN/m
0.1) (0.4 2.2 0.9
122.6
bd
M
R
ent reinforcem Short
2
s
min min
2
2 2
u
short
= =
< =
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
= =

= =
0.95m
0.3m
0.6m
2.2m
2.2m
0.8m
| | | |
| | | |
Ok V V
1847.09kN
400 2 320) (300 320) (600
12
28 4
0.85 2h d) (b d) (l
12
f 4
V
750.552kN 0.32) 0.32)(0.3 (0.6 2.2 2.2 227.44 d) d)(b (l BL q V
shear way Two
Ok V V
527.74kN 320 2200
6
28
0.85 Bd
6
f
0.85 V
265.2kN 0.32) (0.95 2.2 227.44 d) B(z q V
ent reinforcem Long
Ok V V
527.74kN 320 2200
6
28
0.85 Bd
6
f
0.85 V
190.14kN 0.32) (0.8 2.2 227.44 d) B(z q V
ent reinforcem short
shear way One
c u
c
c
u u
c u
c
c
2 u u
c u
c
c
1 u u
<
=
+ + +

= + + + =
= + + = + + =
<
= = =
= = =
<
= = =
= = =
0.95m
0.3m
0.6m
2.2m
2.2m
0.8m
C1(7#19) column as ent reinforcem same Use
Safe (Design) P P
2728.8kN (Design) P 15.16MPa 2.2Ksi
Ag
Pu
figure this Using
OK 0.01 0.011
600 300
1985
A
A

180000mm 600 300 A 1100.8kN, P

Column Neck
u u
u
g
s
4
g u
<
= = =
> =

= =
= = =
Figure 14: Interaction diagram
Figure 15:
The drawing of the footing F1.
12#16
2.2m
0.4m
0.85m
12#16
The environmental aspects and impact of the project should be
controlled by the involved parties to control the bad effects in both
sides either by the environment on the building or on the other way.

- here in UAE, the building usually consumes some of the countrys energy
and water resources and this could be reduced by using green house
technology where solar and wind energies can be used extensively.

- Although the building material considered in this project (i.e., reinforced concrete) is
relatively cheap compared to the steel material, it is, unfortunately, not
environmental friendly

Impact
Each building in this world represents a unique and creative
idea that is made real by the cooperation of the involved design and
construction parties.

It is an event that starts by developing the owner ideas on the hands of
engineers to achieve safety, serviceability and creativity of project.

For example, as a social aspects, here in UAE, traditions and the
cultural background of the people is totally different from the
western countries. Thats should be achieved by the architectural
design to represent the cultural identity in the scope of the project
design beside the modernity.

Impact
Conclusion and recommendation

The experience gained in the design process is invaluable
and represents a major stone in building an efficient
structural designer engineer.

Finally, it is recommended that the design work achieved
in this project is originally performed by two groups
using two different structural systems.

This would provide information enough to compare the
cost of each system and get experience with cheaper
solutions.