1

Design of Concrete Structure I

Dr. Ali
Tayeh



First
Semester
2009


2
Lecture 8
DESIGN OF
T-Section BEAMS FOR
MOMENTS

3
Analysis of Flanged Section
Floor systems with slabs and beams are placed in
monolithic pour.
Slab acts as a top flange to the beam; T-beams, and
Inverted L(Spandrel) Beams.
4
Analysis of Flanged Sections
Positive and Negative Moment Regions in a T-beam
5
Analysis of Flanged Sections
If the neutral axis falls
within the slab depth
analyze the beam as a
rectangular beam,
otherwise as a T-beam.
6
Analysis of Flanged Sections
Effective Flange Width
Portions near the webs are more highly stressed than
areas away from the web.
7
Analysis of Flanged Sections
Effective width (b
eff
)
b
eff
is width that is stressed uniformly to give the same
compression force actually developed in compression
zone of width b
(actual)

8
ACI Code Provisions for Estimating b
eff
From ACI 318, Section 8.10.2
T Beam Flange:


eff
f w
actual

4
16

L
b
h b
b
s
s +
s
9
ACI Code Provisions for Estimating b
eff
From ACI 318, Section 8.10.3
Inverted L Shape Flange
( )
eff w
f w
actual w

12
6
0.5* clear distance to next web
L
b b
h b
b b
s +
s +
s = +
10
ACI Code Provisions for Estimating b
eff
From ACI 318, Section 8.10
Isolated T-Beams


w eff
w
f
4
2
b b
b
h
s
>
11
Various Possible Geometries of T-Beams
Single Tee

Twin Tee


Box
12
Analysis of T-Beam
Case 1:
Equilibrium

f
h a s
s y
c eff
0.85
A f
T C a
f b
= =
'
13
Analysis of T-Beam
Case 1:
Confirm


f
h a s
005 . 0
cu s
1
y s
>
|
.
|

\
|

=
=
>
c c
|
c c
c
c d
a
c
14
Analysis of T-Beam
Case 1:
Calculate M
n


f
h a s
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
y s n
a
d f A M
15
Analysis of T-Beam
Case 2: Assume steel yields





f
h a >
( )
y s
w c w
f w c f
85 . 0
85 . 0
f A T
a b f C
h b b f C
=
'
=

'
=
16
Analysis of T-Beam
Case 2: Equilibrium

Assume steel yields





f
h a >
( )
c w f
sf
y
0.85 f b b h
A
f
'

=
The flanges are considered to be equivalent compression steel.
( )
s sf y
f w
c w
0.85
A A f
T C C a
f b

= + =
'
17
Analysis of T-Beam
Case 2:
Confirm

f
h a >
f
1
s cu
0.005
a h
a
c
d c
c
|
c c
>
=

| |
= >
|
\ .
18
Analysis of T-Beam
Case 2:
Calculate nominal
moments

f
h a >
( )
n n1 n2
n1 s sf y
f
n2 sf y
2
2
M M M
a
M A A f d
h
M A f d
= +
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
19
Analysis of T-Beams
The definition of M
n1
and M
n2
for the T-Beam are
given as:
20
Limitations on Reinforcement for
Flange Beams
Lower Limits
Positive Reinforcement
c
y
s
min
w
y
4
larger of
1.4
f
f
A
b d
f

'

= =

21
Limitations on Reinforcement for
Flange Beams
Lower Limits
For negative reinforcement and T sections
with flanges in tension
c
y
(min)
y
2
larger of
1.4
f
f
f

'

22
Example - T-Beam
Find M
n
and M
u
for T-Beam.
h
f
= 15 cm
d = 40cm A
s
= 50cm
2

f
y
= 420Mpa f
c
= 25Mpa
b
w
= 30cm L = 5.5m
S=2.15m

23
Example of T-Beam
Confirm b
eff
( )
eff
f w
550
137 .
4 4
16 16 15 30=270cm.
2.15 m 215 .
L
b cm
h b
b cm
s = =
s + = +
s = =
24
( )( )
( )( )
2
s y
c eff
1
s
50 420
7.21
0.85 0.85 25 137
7.21
8.5 cm
0.85
15
0.011 0
40
1 0.003 1 0.003
8
.005
.5
cm mpa
A f
a cm
f b Mpa cm
a
c
t cm ok
d
c
|
c
= = =
'
= = =
| | | |
= = =
< =
>
| |
\ . \ .
Compute the equivalent c value and check the strain
in the steel, c
s

Steel will yield in the tension zone.
Assume a<t.
25
( )
( )( )
2
s
w
y
min min
c
y
50 cm
0.042
30 cm 40 cm
1.4 1.4
0.0033
420
0.0033
25
0.003
4 4 420
0.042 0.0033
A
b d
f
f
f

= = =

= =

= =

= =

>
Compute the reinforcement and check to make sure it
is greater than
min
Section works for minimum
reinforcement.
26
Compute nominal moment components

( )( )
n y
4 6
2
0.0721
50 10 420 10 0.40
2
764295 .
s
a
M A f d
N m

| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
=
0.9 764295 =688 k .
u n
M M
N m
| =
=