SKELETAL SYSTEM

Skeletal System

Bony framework Newborn skeleton has 350 bones. Adult skeleton is composed of 206 bones

Functions
Support
Framework to support muscles, fat, and skin Skull, ribs

Protect internal organs

To provide movement

Attachment for muscles

Stores minerals, calcium, & phosohorous Blood-cell formation

Help produce red & white blood cells and platelets

Parts of Skeleton
Axial
Main trunk
Skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone

Appendicular
Extremities
Arm bones, leg bones, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle

Bones

Long Bones

Examples: -Humerus -Femur

Short Bones

Examples: -bones in wrist, ankles, toes

Irregular Bones
Ears Vertebrae Facial

 Strong & flexible

Spinal Column

Consists of small bones called vertebrae Separated from each other by pads of cartilage called intervertebral discs

Supports the head Provides for the attachment of ribs

Serve as cushions and shock absorbers Discs become thinner with aging, causes loss of height

 Cranial Bones
22 bones Houses and protects the brain Facial Bones -14 bones - Guard and supports the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth

Skull

Flat Bones
-Provides a surface for large areas of muscle

Examples: shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull

Sesamoid Bone-Kneecap (Patella)

There are more in the hands and feet

X-ray

Fractures

Broken Clavicle

Fracture Types

Greenstick

Fracture Types
Greenstick Simple
Bone is bent and cracked, common in kids
Complete break with no damage to the skin Open, bone breaks and ruptures thru skin Bone breaks into more than 2 pieces Bone twists resulting in one or more breaks

Compound

Comminuted Spiral

Diagnose the x-ray!

Diagnose the x-ray!

Diagnose the x-ray!

Diagnose the x-ray!

Diagnose the x-ray!

So What Kind of Fracture did Kevin Ware Have?

Cast

Internal Fixation

External Fixation

Skeletal
Bone Disease

Osteoporosis
The thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time. The most common type of bone disease.
currently about 10 million Americans suffering from osteoporosis about 20% of American women over the age of 50 have osteoporosis

Occurs when the body fails to form enough new bone, or when too much old bone is reabsorbed by the body, or both

Osteoporosis Risk Factors

Women who are white, especially those with a family history of osteoporosis, have a greater risk of developing osteoporosis Other risk factors

smoking, eating disorders, low body weight, low amount of calcium in the diet, heavy alcohol consumption, early menopause, use of certain medications, such as steroids and anticonvulsants

Osteoporosis Treatment
Treatments focus on slowing down or stopping bone loss, & preventing bone fractures Drugs Exercise increases bone density Diet Stop unhealthy habits Prevent falls
Quit smoking, limit alcohol
Fosamax, Raloxifene, HRT, Calcitonin

Include adequate calcium, vitamin D, proteins

Aging Bone

Aging Bone
Bones become brittle and may break easily Pain, stiffness in joints Posture Slow movement Gait changes Loss of balance

Like Bone stuff? Medical Specialties:

Orthopedic Surgeon Physical Therapist Radiological Technician Prosthetist