ZAINAB HJ NAWAB KHAN TESL 1 JAN 2012

Physical development Prenatal Infant Child Early Adolescence

3.1 Explain the stages of physical development of a child 3.2 Present the characteristics of physical development according to the developmental stages

PRENATAL

INFANT

CHILD

EARLY ADOLESCENCE

WEEKS 1 Zygote

PROGRESS One cell zygote multiples and forms a blastocyst

2 3-4 Embryo
5-8

The blastocyst burrows into the uterine lining 6mm,a primitive brain and spinal cord appear. Heart, muscles,ribs, backbone, and digestive tract begin to develop
2.5cm,Many external body structures face,arms,legs,toes & fingers and internal organs form. The sence of touch begins to develop and embryo canmove. 7.6cm,Nervouse system,organs & muscles become organized & connected-kicking,thumb sucking &mouth opening, sex is evident 30cm,Fetal movement can be felt by mother, fetus react to sound 50cm,Size increases,Lung mature,rapid brain development, fetus rotate upside down in preparation for birth.

9-12 Fetus 13-24 25-38

1.Teratogen-any environmental agent that causes damage during prenatal period Dose,Heredity,Age,Other negative influences-poor nutrition, lack of medical care 2. Prescription and non prescription drugs 3. Illegal drugs 4. Tobacco 5. Alcohol 6. Radiation 7. Environmental pollution 8. Maternal disease 9. Nutrition 10. Exercise 11. Emotional stress 12. Maternal age / previous birth

WHAT ARE THE COMMON DISCUSSED ISSUES DURING PREGNANCY

Rfelex Eye blink Rooting Sucking Palmar grasp Tonic neck

Stimulation Shine bright light eyes, or clap hand near head. Permenant Stroke cheek near corner of mouth Place finger in infants mouth Place finger in infantss hand, and press against palm Turn babys head to one side while infant is lying awake on back

Stepping
Stepping

Hold infant under arms and permit bare feet to touch a flat surface
Hold infant under arms and permit bare feet to touch a flat surface

refers to skills that involve large muscles activities e.g:

crawling Standing Walking Jumping etc

Development of fine skills that involve more finely turned movement such as finger dexterity Grasping Holding Buttoning etc

period 6 weeks
2 months 3 months 4.5 months 7 months 8 months 9 months 11 months 23 months

Motor development When held up right, holds head erect & steady
Lifts self by arms, roll from side to side Grasps cube Rolls from back to side Sits alone,crawls Pulls to stand Plays simple games Stands alone,walks alone Jumps in place

WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON ISSUES ABOUT TAKING CARE OF INFANT

age 2-3

Motor skills Walks more rhythmically, hurried walk change to run Jumps, hops, throws & catches with rigid upper body Pushes riding toy with feet
Walks up stairs, pedals Walks downstairs, skips with one foot Increases running speed, skipping, throwing speed increases Increases in gross motor skills Slow but consistent growth

3-4 4-5 5-6 7-12

The most important hormones for human growth are released by the pituitary gland. Located at the based of the brain It will enter bloodstream and induce growth

Testosterone ( boys) genitals,height, voice Estrogen-breast, uterine & skeletal

WHAT ARE THE COMMON ISSUES ABOUT RAISING A CHILD

Puberty- physical maturation involving hormonal & bodily changes ( in order)

MALE
Increase in penis and testicle size Pubic hair Minor voice changes Maximum growth in height Armpit hair More voice changes Growth of facial hair

FEMALE
Breast enlarge/pubic hair appears Armpit hair Height Wider hips Menstruation

Have common charateristics Noticed they are gay in mid or late adolescence Majority of gay adolescence also experienced other sex attraction (bisexual) , but do not fall in love

WHAT ARE THE COMMON ISSUES ABOUT ADOLESCENT

HEREDITY

ENVIRONMENT