DEVELOPMENT IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM DESIGN

Dr. Muhammad Harris Shoaib

DOSAGE FORM When a drug is prepared in a form suitable for administration, it is called a Dosage form or a drug product or, in a modern term, a Drug delivery system

PRE-HISTORIC PERIODS Chewing leaves and roots of medicinal plants Inhaling soot from the burning of medicinal substances Primitive extracts from plants and animals

GENERATION BASED CLASSIFICATION

First Generation DDS Second Generation DDS Third Generation DDS Fourth Generation DDS Fifth Generation DDS

FIRST GENERATION DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Appeared toward the end of the nineteenth century and in the twentieth century Conventional and still very popular Having consistency and uniformity Tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups, suspensions, emulsions, solutions and topical administration of ointments, lotions and creams, suppositories or injection of suspensions and solution

SECOND GENERATION DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Modification of the conventional dosage forms Protect drugs against hostile conditions along the gastrointestinal tract, Prolong action Improve bioavailability Repeat action, prolonged action, timed release, delayed release, enteric coated solid dosage forms.

THIRD GENERATION DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Controlled drug delivery-a new concept introduced in 1960s Refers to the precise control of the rate at which a drug dosage is released from a delivery system, ideally in a constant or near constant manner over a longer period of time

Objectives
Reduced

dosing frequency Improving patient compliance Increase duration of effect Maintain constant drug level in blood Reducing side effect by lowering Cmax

Classified as
Osmotic

controlled DDS Swelling Controlled DDS Magnetically Controlled DDS

Chemically controlled DDS Electrically controlled DDS Diffusion controlled DDS

Fourth Generation Drug Delivery System

Based on
Delivering drug that could exercise control on the time of availability and localization of the drug in the body.

Classified as
Targeted

or site specific drug delivery system

such as
GI targeting of peptide and protein Immunotherapy such as Monoclonal antibodies, Antisense Compounds, Recombinant vaccines and angiogenesis inhibitors.

or modulated drug delivery system also termed as chronotherapeutics i.e. delivering drug based on chronobiology or science of biological rhythm. Self regulated or Feedback Controlled Drug delivery system
Plulsatile

Biosensor pump combinations Closed loop based on self regulating system Closed loop based on microencapsulated secretory cells

Fifth Generation Drug Delivery System

Based on
Treating

the cause of disease rather than symptoms. Therapy-Redesign of cells by introducing the therapeutic genes into genetically disabled cells to deliver therapeutic agents made by gene.

Types are
Gene