Induction Program

Welcome
Mechanical Engineering (STATIC)

Induction Program Mechanical Engineering (Static)

Course Objectives
By the end of the course you will Understanding our range of capabilities in Mechanical Engineering division Understand fundamentals of Pressure Vessels & Heat Exchangers be familiar with the main types understand what are the key factors in Pressure Vessel design have the background necessary to start using commercial design software be an informed purchaser of Pressure Vessels & Heat Exchangers

Course Overview
What we handle Introduction to Pressure Vessels Materials of Construction Design Other Design Considerations Fabrication Inspection and Testing

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Mechanical Engineering
SCOPE
STATIC EQUIPMENT GROUP Pressure vessels Columns Storage Tanks Heat Exchangers

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ROTATING EQUIPMENT GROUP Planned to start

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Mechanical Engineering
SCOPE

DETAIL ENGINEERING:
Equipment Datasheets General Arrangement drawings Mechanical Design calculations for Pressure Vessel, Heat Exchangers. Detail Manufacturing Drawings

We co-ordinate with other Engineering disciplines and provide data for their design e.g.:
Electrical: Civil: Piping: Instrumentation: Provide Electrical loads ( Motor rating, speed) Equipment Loading data for foundation design Provide Layout details, tie-in connection details Control & instrument interfaces with plant DCS

Pressure Vessels

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Introduction: A pressure vessel is a closed, rigid, container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure different from the ambient pressure. A pressure vessel is a container used to contain things at more than 15 psig.; this means that they can withstand greater than normal amounts of pressure without bursting.

PRESSURE VESSELS

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Containers for fluids under pressure Used in variety of industries

Petroleum refining Chemical Power Pulp and paper Food

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Types of Pressure Vessels

Pressure Vessels

Towers Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Reactors Condensers Evaporators etc

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PRESSURE VESSELS
Parameters: In the industrial sector, pressure vessels are designed to operate safely at a specific pressure and temperature, technically referred to as the "Design Pressure" and "Design Temperature". Other Parameters: Corrosion Allowance Material of Construction Diameter & Length

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PRESSURE VESSELS
Need for Codes & Standards:
A vessel that is inadequately designed to handle a high pressure constitutes a very significant safety hazard. Because of that, the design and certification of pressure vessels is governed by design codes such ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in North America Pressure Equipment Directive of the EU (PED) Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) CSA B51 in Canada and other international standards

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Origin of the ASME B&PV Code

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Why we have B&PV Code

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Criteria of the ASME B&PV Code

Design by Rule for Heavy Vessels

VIII Div. 1 Design margin 3.5 relative to ultimate stress. Design by Analysis for Heavy Vessels VIII Div 2 Design margin 2.4 Considers fatigue Uses maximum shear stress theory (Tresca)

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Introduction
In order to address the safety concerns associated with pressurized equipment, these are required to be designed, fabricated and operated according to specified codes and standards. The commonly accepted codes are the ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1 for design of pressure vessels Although the theory behind the behavior of pressurized equipment is well covered in Universities, the application of design codes is not so well covered. It takes a new engineer considerable time to understand that there is much more to pressure vessel design than calculation of hoop stress. The present course is designed to bridge the gap between the theoretical aspects of pressure vessel design and its industrial application.

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Scope of ASME Code Section VIII

Section VIII used worldwide Objective: Minimum requirements for safe construction and operation Division 1, 2, and 3

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Section VIII Division 1

15 psig < P 3000 psig Applies through first connection to pipe Other exclusions Internals (except for attachment weld to vessel) Fired process heaters Pressure containers integral with machinery Piping systems

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Section VIII Division 2 Alternative Rules

Scope identical to Division 1 but requirements differ Allowable stress Stress calculations Design Quality control Fabrication and inspection Choice between Divisions 1 and 2 based on economics

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Division 3, Alternative Rules High Pressure Vessels

Applications over 10,000 psi Pressure from external source, process reaction, application of heat, combination of these Does not establish maximum pressure limits of Division 1 or 2 or minimum limits for Division 3.

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Structure of Section VIII, Division 1

Subsection A Part UG applies to all vessels Subsection B Requirements based on fabrication method Parts UW, UF, UB Subsection C Requirements based on material class Parts UCS, UNF, UHA, UCI, UCL, UCD, UHT,ULW, ULT PART UHX Rules for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Mandatory and Nonmandatory Appendices

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Material Selection Factors

Strength Corrosion Resistance Resistance to Hydrogen Attack Fracture Toughness Fabricability

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Maximum Allowable Stress

Stress: Force per unit area that resists loads induced by external forces Pressure vessel components designed to keep stress within safe operational limits Maximum allowable stress: Includes safety margin Varies with temperature and material ASME maximum allowable stress tables for permitted material specifications

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Weld Joint Efficiency

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Weld Joint Category

C B C A C D A B
A A D A

A B
A A D

B D
B A

Hemispherical Head on Shell

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Weld Joint Efficiencies

Joint Type Acceptable Joint Categories Degree of Degree of Radiographic Examination Full 1 A, B, C, D 1.00 Spot 0.85 None 0.70

2
3 4 5 6

A, B, C, D (See ASME Code for limitations)

A, B, C A, B, C (See ASME Code for limitations) B, C (See ASME Code for limitations) A, B, (See ASME Code for limitations)

0.90
NA NA NA NA

0.80
NA NA NA NA

0.65
0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45

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Types of Welds

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Summary Of ASME Code Equations

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Compensation

Compensation, or reinforcement,is the provision of extra stress-transmitting area in the wall of a cylinder or shell when some area is removed by boring a hole for branch attachment

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Compensation Area Calculations

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Contents
Introduction to Pressure Vessel Design Codes Design Basis and Design Criteria Design for Internal pressure Design for External Pressure Design of Nozzles Flange design Design of Vessel supports Design of Tubesheets Fabrication Examination Testing Computer codes for pressure vessel design Case studies on failure of pressure vessels Materials of construction for pressure vessels

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Mechanical
Mechanical Design confirming to International Codes & Standards like

ASME SEC VIII Div-1 & Div-2 (US) BS PD5500 (UK) EN 13445 (Europe) ASME sec UHX & TEMA (US) WRC 107 (US) Wind & Seismic Analysis to
IBC, UBC, ASCE (US) NBC (Canada)

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Mechanical
Typical Deliverables include
Mechanical Data Sheets General Arrangement Drawings Mechanical Strength Calculations Civil Foundation Loading Data Detailed Manufacturing Drawings Bill Of Materials Material Specs for Raw Materials Specifications for Bought-out Items

Mechanical
Mechanical Software

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Compress

PVElite

Mechanical
Sectors Oil & Gas Petrochemicals Refinary Fertilizers Pharmaceuticals Power

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