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POSITIVE REACTIONS IN CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

PRESENTED BY: JULIAN GUILLERMO CARRERO ARTUR SEBASTIAN FRANCO JOHAN DARIO CAICEDO
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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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INTRODUCTION Carbonate reservoirs About 60% of the worlds oil reserves Huge gas reserves. The oil trapped in C. reservoirs Heavy Oil Not accessible Economic and technological barriers. Are stimulated using acid HCl (hydrochloric acid) Create conductive pathways The Goal stimulated Effectively treat productive zones Reducing formation skin and improving productivity or injectivity.

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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ACIDIZING IS NOT BASIC Acid stimulation in carbonate rocks reaction of hydrochloric acid with the minerals calcite and dolomite [CaCO3 and CaMg(CO3)2 ]
3 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 (3 )2 + 4 2 + 2 + 2 + 2

When the acid is introduced CaCO3 dissolves creating small conductive channels (wormholes)

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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ACIDIZING IS NOT BASIC

Conductive wormholes
Matrix treatments require low injection rates pure HCl cannot be used rapid acid spending severely limits the acid penetration distance fails to create a wormhole network long enough Retardation Emulsification and formation of gels Creates deeper wormholes and the emulsion less corrosive.

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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ACIDIZING IS NOT BASIC The stimulation fluid must be properly placed in the selected intervals Downhole through the casing or coiled tubing

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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ACIDIZING IS NOT BASIC Mechanical-diversion techniques use of ball sealers or coiled tubing with straddle packers Not very effective in the stimulation of long horizontal and extended reach wells.

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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ACIDIZING IS NOT BASIC Chemical-diversion methods nitrogen foam, bridging agents like benzoic acid flakes and crosslinked polymer gels

Polymer-base gels use reversible pH for alter the viscosity have several drawbacks Have shown that obstruct wormholes and could damage the formation.

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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A UNIQUE FLUID EMERGES Due the damaging effects of polymer-base stimulation fluids Schlumberger Product Center to explore the use of VES (viscoelastic surfactants) ClearFRAC polymer-free fracturing fluids Schlumberger applied VES chemistry to produce a polymer-free acid called the VDA (Viscoelastic Diverting Acid) system maintains a low viscosity.

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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A UNIQUE FLUID EMERGES The acid is consumed through the reaction with the calcite or dolomite the surfactant gels in the form of monomers

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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A UNIQUE FLUID EMERGES Spend acid form long structures called micelles Dissolution of CaCO3 in HCl results in the formation of CaCl2 brine creating long worm-like micelles

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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A UNIQUE FLUID EMERGES The increased viscosity of the gel reduces flow Wormholes and fissures within the treated zones providing effective in-situ acid diversion to unstimulated

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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A UNIQUE FLUID EMERGES Produced hydrocarbon Transforming them into spherical micelles lower viscosity, facilitating complete break and efficient cleanup.

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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Stimulation with in-situ diversion

The

VDA fluid mixed with acid maintains a low viscosity Enters the most permeable zone first. The acid begins to react in the reservoir rock The VES increases in viscosity

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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Stimulation with in-situ diversion

The

higher viscosity causes new fluid to divert to the next mostpermeable zone The acid stimulates and the surfactant diverts into the next permeable zone.

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CARBONATE RESERVOIR STIMULATION

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Stimulation with in-situ diversion

This

process continues until all perforated zones of varying permeability are stimulated

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Stimulation with in-situ diversion

Upon

flowback of hydrocarbons, the viscoelastic surfactant changes its rheology again the long micelles become spherical micelles the viscosity decreases, allowing complete cleanup during flowback.

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DIVERSION IN KUWAIT
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Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) The new VDA system was first used in Kuwait The carbonate reservoir range permeability went from 3 to 600 mD

Reservoir pressure averages 2500 psi [17.2 MPa] and typical well tempera- tures reach 170 to 180F [77 to 82C]

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RESULTS OF PLT IN WELL 5

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OTHERS CASES IN KUWAIT

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Wells 11, 12 and 13 (which produce heavier oil) it is pumped down coiled tubing, because the friction, allowing higher pumping rates. After the VDA treatments, all three wells began flowing naturally Wells 7 was identified as a stimulation candidate well because it had upper zone with extremely high permeability and multiple lower zones of lower permeability that had not been stimulated in the past because of a lack of acid diversion Production increased dramatically, from 300 BOPD [48 m3/d] with a water cut of 11% before the VDA treatment to 1300 BOPD [207 m3/d] with a water cut of 15% two months after VDA stimulation Well 14 and Well 17 (Two HPHT) Well 13 contained a 2000-ft horizontal open- hole-completion interval and was flowing 1037 BOPD, nly two stages were required to reach the desired productivity, production increase to 3800 BOPD.

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A SUMMARY OF SAUDI SUCCESSES

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Horizontal wells with openhole horizontal sections ( VES alternatives in 2001)

The use of nitrogen accelerated cleanup and minimized acid leakoff, provided better coverage and reduced acidvolume requirements.

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ACID FRACTURING IN SAUDI ARABIA

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ACID FRACTURING IN SAUDI ARABIA

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Vertical HPHT gas wells Porosity: natural fracture. The high temperatures: greatly increase acid reactivity high-temperature: the acid is more corrosive

The combination of Crossslinked gel, emulsified acid, VDA fluid and a mutual solvent has proved to be an effective treatment

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ACID FRACTURING IN MEXICO

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Location of the Matapionche and Mecayucan fields, Veracruz basin, Mexico 06/05/2013

ACID FRACTURING IN MEXICO

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PEMEX has employed acid fracturing Increased gas production attempts to divert treatments using ball sealers and to control leakoff using gelled oil-base pads were frequently unsuccessful The effects of polymers use of VES technology . The ClearFRAC fluid and the new VDA system provides PEMEX.
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FRACTURING TREATMENTS
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USE THREE FLUIDS AND THE STEPS First: A viscous nonacid ClearFRAC pad initiates the hydraulic fracture and creates fracture. Second: An alcohol-acid wiht HCl concentration create wormholes lead to the loss of fluid. Third: A VDA fluid stage is pumped to fill the worm-holes established Wormholes the next volume of alcohol-acid is diverted to new zones.
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BUILDUP-TEST ANALYSIS FROM MATAPIONCHE WELL

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NODAL ANALYSIS ON MATAPIONCHE WELL

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MATAPIONCHE WELL TREATMENT PLOT

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A POSTFRACTURE GAMMA RAY LOG SURVEY ON MATAPIONCHE WELL

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The VDA system has proved highly effective for diversion in the Veracruz basin

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THE RIGHT CHEMISTRY

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The enormous success of the VDA system is due to the combination of innovative chemistry, far-reaching technical support, uncompromising quality control during the design and operation stages, and the willingness of operators to apply new technology. This development in carbonate stimulation is making a clear and positive impact on production and injection rates, from the smallest wormholes to the largest fields.

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Thank You!!!
Please! You don't ask questions.

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