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  • Amelita M. Santos: (Faculty, School of Computer Science, Arellano University)

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    AImhee Martinez
    2K tayangan32 halaman
    Web design using style sheets is more fun and exciting.. experience and see the difference of doing it, not just static pages.

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    Web Design With CSS

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    Web design using style sheets is more fun and exciting.. experience and see the difference of doing it, not just static pages.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PPT, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    2K tayangan32 halaman

    Amelita M. Santos: (Faculty, School of Computer Science, Arellano University)

    Diunggah oleh

    AImhee Martinez
    Web design using style sheets is more fun and exciting.. experience and see the difference of doing it, not just static pages.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PPT, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 32

    By:

    AMELITA M. SANTOS
    (Faculty, School of Computer Science, Arellano
    University)
    What is the web?
    In a nutshell, the web is a whole bunch on
    interconnected computers talking to one another.
     The computers (on the web) are typically connected
    by phone lines, digital satellite signals, cables, and
    other types of data-transfer mechanisms.
     A 'data-transfer mechanism' is a nerd's way of saying:
    a way to move information from point A to point B to
    point C and so on.
    The computers that make up the web can be connected
    all the time (24/7), or they can be connected only
    periodically.
     The computers that are connected all the time are
    typically called a 'server'.
     Servers are computers just like the one you're using
    now to read this article, with one major difference,
    they have a special software installed called 'server'
    software.
    Web Design
    The skill of designing hypertext presentations of
    content that is delivered to an end-user through
    the World Wide Web.
    The process of designing Web pages, Web sites,
    Web applications or multimedia for the Web and
    may utilize multiple disciplines, such as animation,
    authoring, graphic design, human-computer
    interaction, interaction design, photography, and
    search engine.
    Technologies Involved
     Markup languages (such as HTML, XHTML and
    XML)
     Style sheet languages (such as CSS and XSL)
     Client-side scripting (such as JavaScript and
    VBScript)
     Server-side scripting (such as PHP and ASP)
     Database technologies (such as MySQL)
     Multimedia technologies (such as Flash and
    Silverlight)
     A style sheet language is a computer
    language used to describe the presentation of
    structured documents.
    • A structured document is a document whose
    sections are clearly defined and categorized (also
    called "well-formed"). A program presenting the
    document can present it in different styles because
    the content has been categorized.

     One modern style sheet language with wide-


    spread use is CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) ,
    which is used to style documents written in HTML,
    or XHTML and other markup languages.
    What is CSS???
    CSS is the acronym for: ‘Cascading Style Sheets’
    CSS is an extension to basic HTML that allows you to
    style your web pages.
    Style sheets let you place things exactly where you
    want them to be on the page, using the distance in
    pixels from the top and the left of the browser window.
     Styles define how to display HTML elements
     Styles are normally stored in Style Sheets
     External Style Sheets can save you a lot of work
     External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files
     Multiple style definitions will cascade into one
    Advantages of CSS
    CSS is an excellent addition to plain HTML.
     With plain HTML you define the colors and sizes of text and tables
    throughout your pages. If you want to change a certain element you will
    therefore have to work your way through the document and change it.
    With CSS you define the colors and sizes in "styles".
    styles As you
    write your documents you refer to the styles. Thus, if you change
    a certain style it will change the look of your entire site.
    CSS offers much more detailed attributes than plain HTML for
    defining the look and feel of your site.
    Finally, CSS can be written so the user will only need to
    download it once - in the external style sheet document. When
    surfing the rest of your site the CSS will be cached on the users
    computer, and therefore speed up the loading time.
    Things to Remember About
    CSS:
    CSS code is simply written instructions that tells Web
    browsers (like FireFox and Internet Explorer) how to
    display things on a page.
    For example:
     make text bold.
     position things a page.
     set the font style for a page or paragraph etc.
    The sister language to CSS is HTML: code that tells
    the Web browser WHAT is actually in the page.
    HTML file <html>
    <head>
    A sample HTML
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>A simple HTML
    structure
    <br><br>This is
    header 1
    </h1>
    <h2>This is header
    2</h2>
    <p>This is a
    paragraph</p>
    Using Style
     Styles are set by adding the TAG:
    <STYLE ...>
     This is placed in the <HEAD> section of your page.
    CSS Syntax
    The CSS syntax is made up of three parts:
    1. a selector
    selector {property: value}
     The selector is normally the HTML element/tag you
    wish to define, the property is the attribute you
    wish to change, and each property can take a
    value.
    2. a property and a value:
     The property and value are separated by a colon,
    and surrounded by curly braces:
    body {color: black}
    CSS Syntax
     Note: If the value is multiple words, put quotes around the
    value:
    p {font-family: "sans serif"}
     Note: If you wish to specify more than one property, you must
    separate each property with a semicolon. The example below
    shows how to define a center aligned paragraph, with a red text
    color:
    p {text-align:center;color:red}
     Note: To make the style definitions more readable, you
    can describe one property on each line, like this:
    p { text-align: center;
    color: black;
    font-family: arial }
    Grouping
    You can group selectors by separating each
    selector with a comma.
    In the example below we have grouped all the
    header elements.
    All odd header elements will be displayed in green
    text color:
    h1,h3,h5 { color: green }
    All even header elements will be displayed in
    green text color:
    h2,h4,h6 { color: yellow}
    The class Selector
    With the class selector you can define different styles for the
    same type of HTML element.
    Say that you would like to have two types of paragraphs in
    your document: one right-aligned paragraph, and one center-
    aligned paragraph. Here is how you can do it with styles:
    p.right {text-align: right}
    p.center {text-align: center}

    You have to use the class attribute in your HTML document:


    <p class="right"> This paragraph will be right-
    aligned. </p>
    <p class="center"> This paragraph will be
    center-aligned. </p>
    CSS Syntax
    Note: To apply more than one class per given
    element, the syntax is:
    <p class="center bold"> This is a
    paragraph. </p>
    The paragraph above will be styled by the class
    "center" AND the class "bold".
    You can also omit the tag name in the selector to
    define a style that will be used by all HTML elements
    that have a certain class. In the example below, all
    HTML elements with class="center" will be center-
    aligned:
    .center {text-align: center}
    CSS Style
    In the code below both the h1 element and the p
    element have class="center".
    This means that both elements will follow the rules in
    the ".center" selector:

    <h1 class="center"> This heading will be


    center-aligned </h1>
    <p class="center"> This paragraph will also
    be center-aligned. </p>
    Add Styles to Elements
    with Particular Attributes
    You can also apply styles to HTML elements
    with particular attributes.
    The style rule below will match all input
    elements that have a type attribute with a
    value of "text":

    input[type="text"] {background-
    color: blue}
    The ID
    Selector
    You can also define styles for HTML elements
    with the id selector. The id selector is defined as
    a #.
    The style rule below will match the element that
    has an id attribute with a value of "green":
    #green {color: green}
    The style rule below will match the p element
    that has an id with a value of "para1":
    p#para1
    { text-align: center;
    color: red }
    How to Insert a Style
    Sheet
    When a browser reads a style sheet, it will
    format the document according to it. There are
    three ways of inserting a style sheet:
    1. External Style Sheet
     An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to
    many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the
    look of an entire Web site by changing one file.
    2. Internal Style Sheet
     An internal style sheet should be used when a single document
    has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head
    section by using the <style> tag.
    3. Inline Styles
     An inline style loses many of the advantages of style sheets by
    mixing content with presentation. Use this method sparingly,
    such as when a style is to be applied to a single occurrence of
    an element.
    A. External Style
    Sheet-1
    Each page must link to the style sheet
    using the <link> tag. The <link> tag
    goes inside the head section:
    <head> <link rel="stylesheet"
    type="text/css" href="mystyle.css"
    />
    </head>
    The browser will read the style
    definitions from the file mystyle.css, and
    format the document according to it.
    A. External Style
    Sheet-2
    An external style sheet can be written in
    any text editor. The file should not contain
    any html tags. Your style sheet should be
    saved with a .css extension.
     An example of a style sheet file is shown below:
    hr {color: sienna}
    p {margin-left: 20px}
    body {background-image:
    url("images/back40.gif")}
    Creating External CSS
    file
     External style sheets allow you to set all the rules for
    the entire site in one place, giving your site a
    consistent look across all the pages.
    • You must create a text file called
    mystyles.css.
    • Type the styles code below into the file.
    • Notice that this code does not have the
    <STYLE ...> tag in it:
    H2 {
    color:red;
    font-weight:900;
    font-family:sans-serif; }
    Example

    myCSS.css- External CSS File


    html File
    w/ external CSS
    OUTPUT of External CSS
    B. Internal Style Sheet
    You define internal styles in the head
    section by using the <style> tag, like
    this:
    <head> <style type="text/css">
    hr {color: sienna}
    p {margin-left: 20px}
    body {background-image: url("images/
    back40.gif")}
    </style>
    </head>
    B. Internal Style Sheet
    Note: A browser normally ignores unknown tags like
    an old browser that does not support styles, will ignore
    the <style> tag, but the content of the <style> tag will
    be displayed on the page.

    It is possible to prevent an old browser from displaying the


    content by hiding it in the HTML comment element:
    <head> <style type="text/css“>
    <!-- hr {color: sienna}
    p {margin-left: 20px}
    body { background-image:

    url("images/back40.gif") }
    --> </style> </head>
    C. Inline Styles
     To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the
    relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS
    property.
     The example below shows how to change the color
    and the left margin of a paragraph:
    <p style="color: sienna; margin-left:
    20px">
    This is a paragraph </p>
    Single Tag CSS
    CSS can be defined for single tags by simply
    adding style="styledefinition:styleattribute;"
    to the tags.
    Single tag CSS is used when the style is used in a
    single place on the entire site.
     Look at this example:
    <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;">
    Single Tag Example</h2>
    It is
    <b style="font-size:20px;">NOT</b> me.

     NOTE: You should limit your use of single tag CSS.


    Multiple Style Sheets
    If some properties have been set for the same
    selector in different style sheets, the values will be
    inherited from the more specific style sheet.
    For example, an external style sheet has these
    properties for the h3 selector:
    h3
    { color: red;
    text-align: left;
    font-size: 8pt }
    CSS Layers
    With CSS, it is
    possible to work with
    layers: pieces of HTML
    that are placed on top
    of the regular page
    with pixel precision.
    The DIV
    tag

    http://www.echoecho.com/csslayers.htm
    That’s ALL folks…
    have a happy

    WEB DESIGNING
    day
    http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_syntax.asp

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