Cryptography

Intelligent Quotient System Pvt. Ltd.

Electronic Solutions
Privacy Data encryption

Authenticity

Digital Signatures, Certificates, CAs Hash algorithms, Message digest Digital Signatures

Integrity

Non repudiation

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Cryptography
Uses high level mathematics for encrypting and

decrypting data
Terms used in Cryptography

- Plain text

- Cipher text

- Encryption
- Sender, receiver

- Decryption
- Adversary
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Caesar's Cipher
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
Shift by 3

D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q

ABC
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DEF

Symmetric Cryptography

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Symmetric Cryptography
123

123

Hello

qANQR1DDDQQCA wI2FXRF24YUcWD JHOjaBsWAesYuel MV/z4ZqaDVMT16o /Up9xvK kfg=

Hello

Triple DES

=dPhu

Triple DES

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Encryption

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The contents of the document have now been encrypted.

Decryption

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 Intelligent Quotient System Pvt. Ltd.

Asymmetric Cryptography
Key Pair Private Key (Secret) Public Key (Published) Mathematically Related One for encryption and other for decryption Private key cannot be computed knowing the public key

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Public Key

mQCNBD0kJDYBBADPKcbu0/zSt/JN7jSsrnxCUuvSktfvzHJIZY16l+dqZmvgl4a2wB 9JScFPEmKHOORKPgA5W02BBr2GC5L9deuShzxi0XQbzad+0yoYlc2xVdlLKXfPufl yZI9MNh+o1uyg/XoSEuyyfbqXg++UiUDvz1K6zuGIjtKwrU58ksj4LwARAQABtAYxI DwxMT6JAKgEEAECABIFAj0kJDYCCwICGQEFGwMAAAAACgkQ1uoTkDydVxG1Rw P/ZxCy6m4xueqrzmz7NW1G+SUQH1w9N3fBkhDHRWEawkN59tG27h72+8Q+Px3 A5GycLr+6Md4mipVTc999PDDeRW+H+eaqGger4MdUMIIHiVyZ2K91cXgFrdS83iPA wC1skq12nJxpHyiB90jN0o8C6cuLUaPvkXPAoIbHpO8RMTC5AI0EPSQkNgEEAPQl YK8SLyttz651cWLMfiyXwVOOxj90gzcnL9yL4iy1CpmsyHpD+ISuvZBkMnGcwJ+lui 2mNWDm5mJ8+AnfM4z6s7/Tf/YVPa+ZrZn3eyHKJAmjXsRrj4bysa8rdLrJLgKFXN HYTsdY7tMHdxgHlIQvVxtlLtjCwkh69WLAPywvABEBAAGJAKIEGAECAAwFAj0kJD YFGwwAAAAACgkQ1uoTkDydVxFzewQAmg0oxDkzNX8aNutFyh8yD1DHZ+E+VH MAPeERdS+6k50yA5+QBz4kEH6XKgb0xknZk/jo+NFsbEriN4jZCltJo0c64duo12CQ OZaxHESHMIB6rc1vr5Gllolhu3tNzm43tE+97lZVEIL8L0Se3G4on3XJjzpt5lM2vgm y02pj9x8==rToN

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Private Key
lQHgBD0kJDYBBADPKcbu0/zSt/JN7jSsrnxCUuvSktfvzHJIZY16l+dqZmvgl4a2wB9JSc FPEmKHOORKPgA5W02BBr2GC5L9deuShzxi0XQbzad+0yoYlc2xVdlLKXfPuflyZI9MN h+o1uyg/XoSEuyyfbqXg++UiUDvz1K6zuGIjtKwrU58ksj4LwARAQABAj3DGWthzQu6 2oiPRfRqecP1jJypTD4X3Q2OiJYGxCfwMVzUVnlf5p4x8EHG/Q9sVknlKp26SRRtq7ld SDpJKRNZbQoiIO550tamHFnEWcMZk2MtuhDLwVEeF0DMsdJW8siqZxxEF+bMSxEe7 wMgK3zng0YYl1+E68SjO+YHaB04XOjnS7sD+aCiiG/JuGnBzYBnfKkPG9bmXJIcJfIA9 2picc52fmso0HPyEwowiDgYZjHyk7LWh21lvkwLUeTad3UMyZjZFpkXn47+wuSx6C4 CPprzqGOAWom7NeRr4tACMht9Or/KVGlYUigGM4zDk3VazrXM9rzObuGR57mh4yNa JlwCae2kquwOlmPGjFjAiI9EqgbRMvYmFTFSZgSUF7FL1mJ7fcy/g1/b1+igLpDrD61Q j4TgOcg9gX6AKFlSFgMUwnNajIPurw90AyGcER5btAYxIDwxMT6dAeAEPSQkNgEEAP QlYK8SLyttz651cWLMfiyXwVOOxj90gzcnL9yL4iy1CpmsyHpD+ISuvZBkMnGcwJ+lui 2mNWDm5mJ8+AnfM4z6s7/Tf/YVPa+ZrZn3eyHKJAmjXsRrj4bysa8rdLrJLgKFXNHY TsdY7tMHdxgHlIQvVxtlLtjCwkh69WLAPywvABEBAAECGP2dRGDWpcn+n+jxOwZc9b u9SRd57Xri3tPBD2JMncOVegnWlMp2OIltdevoDy8RSn3T5QA7FKgokQHuS2XphLZ2z jnL23wvitN6VEbN4ARpPKovMCGoAqbY7dvM8r2fqWyPZnCtd8AICpGOSHvatZu1TdP sYwGokF6LTSL7LZ5IHdmqh7DO6CkKSBwq4B+nbi4R71fb4W5q8MW45Y4Kk2EMpfiB hNcarxRLCToSPcAdo0ks7NvdvGG6+uahj2RbmKEhSWvptkrkOqtlzIXDScv6MVtYvxIjo fB30j5TfuR71iZ+2a0jVGeGqTCMCV7Q/hyW4nW1zinrZg8UAaQEeOAs4OtqXC7SOY4 Z/0XJc52DTS4V+5oYwzlNhLYUDL/u+aXU7tXLk5B6voNDL+9mwSg80HfhQM7cvk8K Ni4tg9krU9cM2EKivr3gd3irFZPTvY0==qtAv

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Asymmetric Cryptography

Intelligent Quotient System Pvt. Ltd.

Asymmetric Cryptography

PUBLIC KEY
mQCNBD0kJD YBBADPKcbu 0/zSt/JN7jSsrn xCUuvSktfvzH JIZY16l+dqZm vgl4a2

PRIVATE KEY lQHgBD0kJDY BBADPKcbu0/ zSt/JN7jSsrnx CUuvSktfvzHJ IZY16l+dqZmv gl4a2

Hello RSA

hQCMA94DdU1V2asiAQ QAwzGBzHR/l67KtjumC1 6Orc5MrsFhMoei4aLYlP2 Efsh1csvVjVwc1d6FmZhl3 /qnJg6uae29fNyGg0WLZs ct5vopDJr87aA1A8xogzF WWhpZQAjRZqQliZhw7 uBX7WYL9RH0PabKeTj7 3dkz/EwZ7SAbUaJj7BKo RJcEvcDAyJmkHfzrsm8L YoTTWNA6TMQvypYaSd 9k3r+9GMUGTrv3=rdkz

Hello RSA

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 Intelligent Quotient System Pvt. Ltd.

Problems
Communication of keys (Symmetric) Man in the middle attacks

Solutions
Asymmetric Certifying Authority Digital Signature Certificate
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Digital Signature Certificate

Intelligent Quotient System Pvt. Ltd.

Certifying Authorities
Binds identities to their public keys Must be widely known and trusted Must confirm the identity of the applicant Must confirm that the applicant possesses a

functional key pair

Provides online access to the public key certificates

issued
Cca.gov.in
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Objectives of Digital Signatures

Authentication Non-repudiation

Data Integrity

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Hash Functions
Hello

aaf4c61ddcc5e8a2dabede0f3b482cd9aea9434d
Helo

0c43f383661cecf93ca7ae0c783d2e5074bbf8e1

Intelligent Quotient System Pvt. Ltd.

Digital Signature Creation

ONE WAY HASH FUNCTION

hQIMAw9D3etzF YhMARAAq7caJZ DmqjpmEo4Wqwe 3jpmEo4Wuiguy

MESSAGE

MESSAGE DIGEST

SENDERS PRIVATE KEY

DIGITAL SIGNATURE

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Digital Signature Verification

ONE WAY HASH FUNCTION
hQIMAw9D3etzF YhMARAAq7caJZ DmqjpmEo4Wqwe 3jpmEo4Wuiguy

MESSAGE DIGEST

MESSAGE

COMPARE

SENDERS PUBLIC KEY DIGITAL SIGNATURE

hQIMAw9D3etzF YhMARAAq7caJZ DmqjpmEo4Wqwe 3jpmEo4Wuiguy

MESSAGE
DIGEST

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Conventional Signature

Digital Signature

3048 0241 00C0 4324 68E1 9E52 7EB1 3E8F 84BF D79D 1106 F56F 6512 C8FE E421 D1A3 2AC4 B955 FCD2 30F0 458C B195 4C4F 76C3 CA00 B0FF CADC 5AFA 8FD4 EFED AED4 481D C893 966A E102 0301 0001

Intelligent Quotient System Pvt. Ltd.

Electronic Solutions
Privacy Data encryption

Authenticity

Digital Signatures, Certificates, CAs Hash algorithms, Message digest Digital Signatures

Integrity

Non repudiation

Intelligent Quotient System Pvt. Ltd.

 Intelligent Quotient System Pvt. Ltd.

 Intelligent Quotient System Pvt. Ltd.