1-ECTODERMAL TISSUE COVERING THE ANATOMICAL CROWN. 2-HIGHLY MINERALIZED, RISIST MASTICATORY FORCES. 3-ACELLULAR, INERT, NONVITAL AND INSENSITIVE. 4-CANNOT REPALCED OR REGENERATED. 5-PERMEABLE TO IONIC STRUCTURE.
1-COLOUR
2-THICKNESS
5-PERMEABILITY
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
3-HARDNESS
4-BRITTLNESS
1 - COLOUR
YELLOWIH WHITE TO GRAYISH WHITE DEPENDS ON : 1- DEGREE OF CALCIFICATION 2- HOMOGENISITY OF THE ENAMEL SO: YELLOWISH TEETH. TRANSLUCENT E. GRAYISH TEETH OPAQUE E.
2 - THICKNESS
- 2 2.5 mm. at the cusps of the molars and premolars. - Thinning down to Almost knife edge at the cervical margin of the tooth
3 HARDNESS
ENAMEL IT IS THE HARDEST MICROHARDNESS - ENAMEL OF AT IN CALCIFIED TISSUE 1IS GREATEST THE THE PERMANENT THE BODY SURFACE AND TEETH DUE TO: E. IS DECREASED TOWARD THAN OF 1-HARDER HIGH CONTENT DEJ. THAT OF THE MINERAL SALTS 2 - IT IS GREATER AT THE 2-DECIDUOUS ITS AND CRYSTALLINE CUSPS INCISAL ONES ARRANGEMENT. RIDGE AND DECREASES TOWARD THE CERVICAL LINE.
+
+
+
-
4 - BRITTLNESS
ITS STRUCTURE AND HARDNESS RENDER IT BRITTLE, SPECILY WHEN IT LOOSES ITS ELASTIC FOUNDATION OF HEALTHY DENTIN
ASG
5- PERMEABILITY
-ENAMEL HAS A CERTAIN DEGREE OF PERMEABILTY DEMONSTRATED BY DYES AND RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES. - IT ACTS AS A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE FOR CERTAIN IONS AND DYES OF SMALL MOLECULAR SIZE THROUGH PORES BETWEEN THE CRYSTALS.
Enamel
Specific Gravity of enamel is around 2.8 It shows birefringence It is an optical property. It shows two colors when viewed with polarized light
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
INORGANIC ORGANIC
BY WEIGHT
96%
4 % INORGANIC
EQUAL
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
INORGANIC MATERIAL 96 %
CRYSTALLINE CALISUM PHOSPHATE
( HYDROXY APATITE)
ORGANIC MATERIAL 4%
(1-2% ORGANIC MATERIAL AND 2-3% WATER)
- IT FORMS A FINE NETWORK BETWEEN THE CRYSTALS, OR COMPRESSSED FORMING AN ENVELOP SURROUNDING EACH CRYSTAL - ITS CHEMICAL NATURE HAS NOT YET COMPLETELY DETERMINED. - NO SPECIFIC PROTEINS HAVE BEEN IDNTIFIED. - AMINO ACIDS PRESENT ARE COLLECTIVELY CALLED ENAMEL PROTEIN 1 Amelogenins.: These are present during the enamel formation. These are lost during calcification of enamel
2 ENAMEL PORTIEN OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT CALLED ENAMELIN :It is present in the enamel matrix and persist in the mature enamel tightly bound to the hydroxy apatite crystals .
ASG
NOTE: THE SELECTIVE REABSORPTION OF THE AMINO ACIDS IS ASG THE FUNCTION OF THE AMELOBLASTS
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
1-ENAMEL PRISM
2-PRISM SHEATH
ENAMEL PRISM
ENAMEL DENTIN
ENAMEL PRISM
3INTERPRISMATIC SUBSTANCE
STRUCTURE
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
HEXAGONAL OVAL ROUND FISH SCALES KEY HOLE
ENAMEL PRISM
LOWER CENTRAL INCISOR
1 - NUMBER
5
12
MILLIONS
2 - DIRECTION
ENAMEL PRISM
3 - COURSE
GNARLED ENAMEL
STRUCTURELESS ENAMEL
DENTINO-ENAMEL MEMBRANE
ASG
ENAMEL PRISM
2
4 - DIAMETER
:
1
3-4 um / 8 um
CROSS STRIATION
ASG
CRYSTALS
ENAMEL PRISM
HEAD
PRISM
TAIL
INTERPRISMATIC SUBSTANCE
PRISM INTERPRISMATIC SUB. WITH HIGHER REFRACTIVE INDEX
PRISM SHEATH
Transmitted light
PERIKYMATA
SHORT INCREMENS
4 DAYS ARE NEEDED FOR THE FORMATION OF THE ASG ENAMEL MATRIX BETWEEN TWO BANDS
3 NEONATAL LINE
PRENATAL ENAMEL
POSTNATAL ENAMEL
POSTNATAL ENAMEL
PRENATAL ENAMEL
ASG
DENTIN
ENAMEL LAMELLAE
TYPE C
TYPE A
TYPE B
ENAMEL TUFT
ENAMEL SPINDLES
ENAMEL
DENTINAL TUBULES
DENTIN
SURFACE STRUCTURES
1 OUTER STRUCTURELESS ENAMEL
REMEMBER: THAT THERE IS AN INNER STRUCTURELESS ENAMEL
30 um thick
2 - PERIKYMATA
PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER AND TO C.E.J.
3 - ROD ENDS
SHALLOWER CERVICALLY
DEEPER OCCLUSALLY
4 - CRACKS
ENAMEL LAMELLA
ASG
5 - AFIBRILLAR CEMENTUM
ENAMEL
DENTIN
CEMENTUM
A MORPHOGENIC STAGE
Before ameloblasts differentiation
INNER DENTAL EPITHELIUM BASEMENT MEMBRA CELL FREE ZONE DENTAL PAPILLA
ASG
A MORPHOGENIC STAGE
Before ameloblasts Golgi apparatus differentiation
Oval nucleus Centriol Short columner
PROXIMAL END
A MORPHOGENIC STAGE
GOLGI APP.
NUCLEUS
B ORGANIZING STAGE
INNER INNERDENTAL DENTAL EPITHELIUM EPITHELIUM
B ORGANIZING STAGE
SO DURING THIS STAGE THE FOLLOWIONG OCCURE:
Centrioles Golgi apparatus 1 - REVERSAL OF THE FUNCTIONAL POLARITY OF THE I.D.E... 2 HISTODIFFERENTIATION OF THE ODONTOBLASTS ( INDUCTION).
Mitochondria ASG
C FORMATIVE STAGE
PROXIMAL TERMINAL BARS
AMELOBLASTS DENTIN
M G.A.
R.E.R.
D TRANSITIONAL STAGE
1 REDUCTION IN THE HIGHT. 2 DECREASE IN IN ITS VOLUM AND ORGANELLE CONTENT 3 WITHDRAWAL OF TOMES ROCESS.
ASG
PRISMLESS ENAMEL
E MATURATIVE STAGE
M
CYTOPLASMIC VACUOLES
AUTOPHAGIC VACUOLES
Ameloblast without
Tomes process Late organizing stage
Ameloblast with
Ameloblast without
process Transitional stage
Dentin
Aprismatic enamel Prismatic enamel Aprismatic enamel
ASG
AMELOGENESIS
2 - MATURATION OF ENAMEL
THE BEGINNING OF MINERALIZATION OF THE ENAMEL MATRIX DOES NOT AWAIT THE COMPLETION OF ITS FORMATION.
AMELOBLASTS
ENAMEL MATRIX (DENTINOENAMEL MEMBRANE ) MANTLE DENTIN
D . J .C. NO CLEAR CUT BAND OF ORGANIC MATRIX 25 30 % OF THE TOTAL MINERAL CONTENT STIPPLED MATERIAL/O R ENAMEL
Ameloblast without
Tomes process Late organizing stage
Ameloblast with
Tomes process Formative stage
Ameloblast without
Tomes process Transitional stage
Dentin
Aprismatic enamel Prismatic Enamel Aprismatic enamel
MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE MODE OF FORMATION AND LOCATION OF THE PRISM, INTERPRISMATIC SUBSTANCE, PRISM SHEATH AND CROSS STRIATION Tomes process
Prism
Cross
Interprismatic substance Prism sheath straiation
MORE DETAILS ABOUT THE PROCESS OF SECRETION OF BOTH THE PROTEINS AND THE CRYSTALLITES FROM THE TOMES PROCESS
Tomes process
Tail / or Interprismatic
Head / or Prism
substance
Next ASG
Tomes process
Head Tail
Next ASG
Tomes process
Head
Tail
Next ASG
Tomes process
Head
ASG Tail
Head
Tail
1 - Quantitative And Qualitative Changes In The Organic Component. 2 - 90 % Of Protein And Water Reabsorbed. 3 Maturation Is Gradually Completed Up To 96% Of The Total Weight Of Enamel (Primary ONCE THE FULL THICHNESS OF Maturation) ENAMEL MATRIX IS FORMED
2 - MATURATION OF ENAMEL
MATURATION BEGINS 4 Rapid Influx Of Calcium And Phosphate Ions Already Secreted With The Enamel Matrix. 5 DURING Increase MATURATION In Size Of The THE Crystals FOLLOWING By Fusion Of Crystallites ( 1240 Crystal / Um Before And CHANGES OCCURE 560 Crystal / Um After Maturation ). 5 Directions Of Maturation (next slide )
ASG
6 - Secondary Maturation..
DIRECTIONS OF MATURATION
ENAMEL
DENTIN PREDENTIN
ENAMEL DENTIN
PREDENTIN
ASG
ASG
SECONDARY MATURATION
MATURATION CONTINUES AFTER ERUPTION OF THE TEETH THROUGH DEPOSITION OF IONS FROM THE SALIVA.
ATTRITION
DEFINITION. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN D.T. AND P.T. CLINICALY: OCCLUSAL AND PROXIMAL. SEX DIFFERENCE. TYPE OF DIET. OCCUPATIONAL HABITS. SEVERE ATTRITION. MICROSCOPICALLY.
2 - PERMEABILITY
Recently
Erupted teeth
ASG
Main path
Old enamel
2 - PERMEABILITY
IONIC EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE ENAMEL AND THE SURROUNDING SALIVA. SECONDARY MATURATION. INCREASE NITROGEN AND FLUORIDE. RESISTANCE TO DECAY IS INCREASED. TOOTH MAY BECOME DARKER IN COLOUR (THE EFFECT OF THE DAYSTUFFS STAINS)