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Knowledge Management Tools and Principles

ISM Best Practices Workshop September 12, 2006 B. Michael Hillman
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What is Knowledge Click to edit Master title Management?

Getting the right information, to the right person, at the right time to make the right decisions

Knowledge Management Click to edit Master titleIs:

A systematic process for finding, selecting, organizing and presenting organization knowledge
Providing workers the knowledge and tools to achieve a desired outcome, as opposed to preventing an undesirable outcome A work environment that rewards employees for sharing and reusing previous experiences and practices to meet present needs
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ClickKM to edit DRIVERS Master title

Need to capture critical knowledge that may be lost through staff turnover and retirement
Need to reduce inefficiencies Need to provide an institutional infrastructure for sharing knowledge among multidiscipline communities.
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Implementing Knowledge Click to edit Master title Management

Identify knowledge needs and sources Collect and Capture the knowledge Share the Knowledge

Communities of Practice Click to edit Master title

An informal network of people who are involved in similar work or activities
Examples: Single business entity; Persons sharing a common interest

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Within organizational units
Across organizational units

Communities of Practice and the Organization Communities of Practice can be found:

Across organizational boundaries Across corporate boundaries

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How to Encourage Click Communities to edit Master title of Practice

Focus on minimizing/improving systems and processes
Must have structure, meaning, and value Allow for regular and new activities Keep a sustained level of commitment Enable sharing of both Explicit and Tacit Knowledge
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EXPLICIT Click to edit KNOWLEDGE Master title

Explicit knowledge is relatively easy to capture and store in documents and data systems
Policy Statements Procedures and Instructions Drawings White Papers Published Articles and Papers Books
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KNOWLEDGE ClickTACIT to edit Master title

Tacit knowledge is the knowledge people have in their minds
BUT they may not know they have it OR they may not know how valuable it is

Tacit knowledge is more valuable as it provides context for:

People Places Ideas Experience
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TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE Click MANAGEMENT to edit Master title FORUMS

Structured
Good for capturing and presenting explicit knowledge

Unstructured
Good for sharing tacit knowledge

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STRUCTURED KM FORUMS Click to edit Master title

Require submission/approval process Generally controlled by corporate or peer hierarchy Examples: Professional Publications (AMA Journal of Medicine) Corporate or Organizational Sites (US Navy, NASA, BP, Fluor) Industry Peer Groups (EFCOG, Utility Owners Group , INPO)

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UNSTRUCTURED KM to edit Master title FORUMS

Promote free-flow of information

Range from Blogs to Communities of Practice discussion forums

May still have controls on membership and may be sponsored/hosted by sponsor site
Examples Your favorite teams sports discussion forum
NASA communities of practice discussion forums EFCOG Discussion groups
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BARRIERS TO SHARING Click to edit Master title KNOWLEDGE

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Belief that Knowledge is Power

Distrust of Co-Workers
Desire to get the credit Feeling that I wont be needed anymore Feeling its just too hard Feeling of whats in it for me? Technology Gap Management must be actively involved with breaking down these barriers.
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