anti-mission or anti-effort forces opposed centralization of authority, and educated & paid clergy, man-made organizations (Sunday schools,

seminaries, missionary societies) movement was centered primarily in underdeveloped areas of Ohio and lower Mississippi River valleys

hyper-Calvinismsome felt that intentional efforts were not needed to evangelize the lost some expressed hostility toward Native Americans in the West polity issueperceived threats to autonomy of local churchesoften coupled with distrust of Baptists in the East gaining financial and political control by administering mission funds (also worries re: overhead costs)

sociological/cultural issuesless educated clergy of the West vs. better educated clergy of the East

Daniel Parker ( 1781-1844):

born in VA, reared in GAlacked formal

educationbaptized in 1802, moved to TN in 1803, ordained in 1806 became known as anti-mission spokesman in IL, where he moved in 1817wrote Views on the Two Seeds (1826) and The Second Dose of the Doctrine of the Two Seeds (1826)he also published a monthly known as the Church Advocate (1829-31)served as IL state senator (1826-27)

Parker (cont.)
he argued that missionary organizations were

merely human agencies without biblical supporthe also noted that mission societies were not under local church control Gen. 3:15his basis for the doctrine of the 2 seedsthe seed of the woman (elect) and the seed of the serpent (non-elect)ultimately led to the Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists

Parker (cont.)
1834he moved his congregation to the then

Mexican province of Texasthe Pilgrim Predestinarian Regular Baptist Church near Nacogdoches was probably 1st organized Baptist church in Texas Parkers itinerant ministry helped to establish 9 other congregationsabout 200 Two-Seeders still exist in TX and LA

Parker (cont.)
he and Kehuckee Assoc. (NC) had impact on

Primitive Baptists, which include Absoluters, Old Liners (who allow for some human responsibility in predestination), Progressives, the National Primitive Baptists (African American) , and Universalists (No Hellers)

John Taylor (1752-1835):

born and raised in VAbecame a Baptist at 20 and

soon started to preachlike Parker, Taylor not formally educated 1779moved to KY to take part in mission work pattern was to start a new church, pastor it for a few years, then plant another church, etc. 1819Thoughts on Missionsaccused missionaries of being involved in the movement for love of money (he referred to Luther Rice as a Tetzel)

Taylor (cont.)
he argued that the missionary system was

hierarchical and a threat to Baptist democracy