CCTV Basics

Adept Designs Pvt Ltd

What is a CCTV system

A Closed Circuit Television (or CCTV) system is used for visual (and frequently audio) monitoring and recording events in a defined area.

Benefits CCTV system

CCTV surveillance in public facilities CCTV surveillance in business set ups CCTV in schools CTVs for personal security

CCTV Contents
Camera/s Digital Video Multiplexer Recorder/s Accessories .

Camera Types
.

Indoo r

Outdoor

Dome

Speed Domes & PTZs

Day / Night

Dome Camera/s
A CCTV Camera having Dome Shape is called a CCTV Dome Camera, two specimen dome camera.

Box Type / C-Mount

A Box shaped camera which offers flexibility of using different lens with it, as per requirement of user, is called a C/CS Mount Camera

Tube / Cylinder Shaped

. Cameras Having Cylindrical Shape is called a Tube / Cylindrical Shaped Camera Most Commonly used for IR Outdoor Camera

Specification Based Differentiation

Resolution Based CCD Based Outdoor Competence Based Night Visibility Competence Based SPDs Connectivity Interface Etc .

CDD Image CCD

A group of optical detector integrated circuits

Light is sensed by individual photo-diodes (rows & columns of which = pixels)

Pixels develop a charge proportional to the light level, which are then processed by the 1/3 inch CCD cameras electronics >

Lux Rating
This is the measurement used to determine the amount of reflected light that is needed to produce a usable picture.

The lower the number the less light is needed. ( i.e. a camera w/.5 lux needs less light than one w/ 2 lux) .

Light Levels
Light level can vary enormously throughout the day and, therefore, the correct choice of camera sensitivity for any given time usage is essential

Sunset LUX =100~10

Crescent Moon LUX = 0.1~0.01

Full Moon LUX = 1~0.1

Overcast LUX =10000~1000

End of Twilight LUX = 1~ 0.1

Sunny Day LUX = 1~ 0.1

Starry Night LUX = 1~ 0.1

Street Light LUX = 5~3

Twilight LUX = 5~1

Backlight Compensation (BLC

A function to block certain light sources and brighten dark areas enables verification of car license panels at night.

Automatic Electronic Shutter AES

Automatically adjusts the camera shutter to compensate for light level changes Allows the use of no iris, or manual iris lenses Limited range for extreme lighting situations Less daytime depth of focus compared to auto-iris lenses

Automatic Gain Control AGC

Amplifies the video signal for better low light performance Turns on automatically in low light Adds noise to the picture as a result of the video being amplified

Resolution Based Differentiation

Normal Resolution Cameras (330 TVL-420 TVL)

High Resolution Camera (420< -650 TVL)

CCD Based Differentiations

CCD 1/3 CCD CCD 1 CCD

Night Visibility Competance

Day Cameras

Day Night Camera/s & IR Came

PTZ & SPDs

Panning Enable Cameras Tilt Enable Cameras Zoom Cameras PT Cameras PTZ Cameras Speed Dome Cameras

Digital Video Recorder

A DVR or digital video recorder functions a lot like a VCR, except it uses a hard drive to record, as opposed to videotapes. This means that there aren't any tapes to cue, and there is more recording time available. Like modern VCRs, users of digital video recorders can record television shows by entering information such as channel, time, and date into a recording menu

DVR Configuration
4 Channels 8 Channels 16 Channels 32 Channels 64 Channels 128 Channels

DVR Main Specification Criteria

Frame/s-Real Time vs Non Real-Time Networkable vs Non-Networkable Remote Controlled DVD Configured Audio Interface Alarm Interface Hdds Support Criteria Etc

Digital Video Recording

Digital Video Recording

Simplex: The ability to record or playback but not at the same time. For live view it is only possible to see a single camera on the monitor, multiple camera view is possible during playback.

Duplex: The ability to record and playback simultaneously. Multiple live screen is possible. However, the monitor will only display live images or recorded images.

Triplex: The ability to record and playback simultaneously. Multiple live screen is possible and unlike Duplex operation the monitor will display both live images and recorded images simultaneously

Accessories are
CCTV Monitors Camera Housing/s Lenses SPD Controllers Power Supplies Connectors Etc

Monitor
Monitors to view the pictures from the camera come in a number of types and sizes.
Flat TFT Screens Choice of screen size 15,17,19 & 20 Single input VGA Video Graphic Array Multiple input VGA & S-Video or RGB

Monitor
Monochrome CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor Choice of screen size 9,12 &17 & bigger 1000 TVL Metal Cased Colour CRT Monitor Choice of screen size 10,14 &17 & 21 From 300 to 750 TV

Camera Housing
Camera housings are designed to protect the camera from weather, dust, vandalism, damage, etc

Types of Housings
IP rated

Weather Proof
Vandal Resistant With or without brackets

With or without internal heaters

Wash & Wipe >

Camera Housing
IP ratings are a measure of resistance to the penetration of solid objects (e.g. dust) and liquids (e.g. rain!) A product considered to be weatherproof rating of IP65 and above IP stands for Ingress Protection would have a

The first number (in this case 6) is the protection against solids (0~6, 6 being dustproof)
The second number (in this case 5) is the protection against liquid (0~8, 8 being protected against constant submersion )>

Power Supplies
Cameras and housings with heaters will require power, mains or low voltage depending upon the product you have chosen. Where low voltage PSUs are required there are various choices.

24v AV 500MA up to 4A 12v DC 750MA up to 4A

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Connectivity
Types of Transmission
Coax, Fiber Optic, Wireless

The Camera
Typical rear view

Video out (Uses BNC connection)

Audio Out

Lencs
Types of Lenses Focus Shift Iris Format Angle of View Minimum Object Distance (MOD) F-Stop (F1.3)

Types of Lenses
Fixed Vari-Focal Zoom Day and NIght

Vari-Focal
Lens which gives you variable focal lengths (ex. 3.0mm-8mm) Must be re-focused after changing focal length Allows you to stock/carry fewer lens

Zoom
Gives you variable focal lengths
Maintains focus

while changing focal lengths (tracking) lenses generally have motorized zoom, focus, and iris functions. These are controlled by the lens controller

Zoom

Fixed
Fixed view (4mm) Focus Ring C or CS mount Inexpensive Available in:
No Iris, Manual Iris, Auto-Iris (Video or DC)

Angle of View

2.8mm 85

Lens

Angle of View

6mm

60

Lens

Angle of View

12mm 30
Lens

Angle of View

75mm

Lens

Angle of View

6mm 60

75mm 5

2.8mm 85

12mm 30

Lens