Project Title: Design of Gravel Road at Mbagala. Case Study:Saku Project Type: Design. Student Name: Adaus Paschal. ADMISSION NO: 1001016998

PROJECT TITLE: DESIGN OF GRAVEL
ROAD AT MBAGALA.
CASE STUDY :SAKU
PROJECT TYPE: DESIGN.
STUDENT NAME: ADAUS PASCHAL.
ADMISSION NO: 1001016998
INTRODUCTION
Saku is located at Mbagala in Temeke municipal where people use as the
habitat. The existing road was the earth road which being used for transportation,
due to increase of people and traffic volume now days the road does not
perform well means of transportation. Gravel road is needed in order to improve
transportation in Saku. The scope of this is 2km
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The increase in traffic volume, population and social activities in Saku, the
earth road does not perform well means of transportation. The loose of
confortability of road user, extent damage and loose of sufficient camber on the
road surface.
OBJECTIVES
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this project is to design the gravel road from Mzambarauni to
saku 2km long.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
Design of gravel thickness layers which can withstand the expected traffic loading
during the road services.
OUTCOME
The design documents.
METHODOLOGY.
Literature review
Data collection
Data analysis and design
LITERATURE REVIEW
The road that will be designed is that which will accommodate the maximum
number of vehicles which are used by the previous road. This due to an
increases in traffic volume, social activities and business activities at Saku now
days the road fail to perform well means of transportation. The road expected
to be designed should have the following characteristics:
i.
To offer the complete freedom to the road users.
ii.
Easy to short distance travel.
iii. Speed movement that will related to severity to accident.
DESIGN FACTORS
The design factors to be considered
1.
Design wheel load
2.
Strength of sub grade
3.
Climatic condition
4.
Pavement component materials
STRENGTH OF SUB-GRADE
These are the natural soil of the design place. It is very important layer that carry the total
load imposed on the road surface .The strength of the sub-grade should be designed from
the CBR value minimum 15% if found less than 15% soil stabilization should take place .Sub
grade sample are be taken at an interval of 250m from the chainage of 0+00m.
The lower the CBR value the thicker the pavement component
SUB-BASE /BASE COURSE.

These are the major pavement layer which carry the imposed wheel load and distribute to
the sub grade. This layer should be stronger enough .The materials are place on the prepared
sub grade which may be used as wearing course. Heavy compaction must done to improve
stability. The CBR value factor is considered in provision of thickness of this layer.
WEARING COURSE
This layer carries the total wheel load and transfer it to the sub base or base course.
Always be smooth and well compacted of the materials which being used in design. This layer
will be provided according to the Laboratory tests results of materials.
TEST TO BE DONE
The following tests are to be done and used in design of each layer:
Attertberg limit (LL,PL and PI).
Sieve analysis.
Compaction test (MDD and OMC)
CBR test.
CBR value design 90% ile =0.1(n-1)
where, n=is number test
DESIGN OF WHEEL LOAD
The weight of vehicle imposed on the pavement layer may affect the performance of
road surface. These vehicles causes damages are known as commercial vehicle which are
measured by Standard Axle load (S.a.L).
One SaL=8160kg or 8.16tone which is measured by Equivalent single Axle (E.S.a).
E.S.a =[load/8160kg]4.55 or [load/8.16tone]4.55
TRAFFIC COUNTING
These process of counting the total number of vehicles passing through the road is to be
known. These process is done at 12 hours to the commercial vehicle. Throungh traffic
counting process Equivalent Standard axle are obtained. In this case the Average Daily Traffic
(ADT) are included to determine the total number of commercial vehicle passing per week or
per year.
Cumulative Equivalent Standard axle Load also is to known.
TRAFFIC COUNTING CALCULATION:
E.S.a =(load/8160kg)4.55 or (load/8.16tone)4.55

ADT =Total number of vehicles counted
7days
Standard axles per day (t) =standard axle/day
C.E.S.a.L =365xtx[(1+r) n _ 1]
r
E.S.A.L= 365ADT(1+r) n
r
Where, r=Growth rate of road
n=Design life of a road
ADT=Average Daily Traffic.
DATA COLLECTION
The following data were collected in order to continue with the project:
1.
Soil Laboratory test on the following :
Compaction test
Sieve analysis test
Atterberg limit
CBR test
2.Traffic counting
3.Assessment on rainfall intensity
4.Surveying data.
Compaction test
Project:
Client:
Chainage(km)
T/Pit No
00+250
Operator Adaus Paschal

Sample No.
TEST METHOD
CML TEST 1.9, ref BS 1377:Part4:1990
METHOD
TEST No.
1
WEIGHT OF SAMPLE
(g)
WATER ADDED
(%)
100
WEIGHT of MOULD +SAMPLE
WEIGHT OF MOULD
WEIGHT OF SAMPLE
WET DENSITY
FACTOR OF MOULD:
MOISTUR
E
CONTAINE
R No
WEIGHT
OF WET
SOIL
+CONTAIN
ER
WEIGHT OF DRY SOIL + CONTINER
WEGHT
OF
CONTAINE
R
WEIGHT OF WATER
WEIGHT OF DRY SOIL
MOISTURE CONTENT
DRY DENSITY
Offset
Date
31/01/2013
Approved
2
200
3
4000
300
400
500
600
(g)
5470
5550
5600
5640
5677
5665
(g)
(g)
(kg/m3)
3685
1785
1785
3685
1865
1865
3685
1915
1915
1000
3685
1955
1955
3685
1992
1992
3685
1980
1980
C8
C14
D57
D24
D68
C23
(g)
(g)
177.8
176.6
204.5
198.6
210.6
202.8
217.1
206.9
242.3
225.8
292.5
268.8
(g)
(g)
(g)
(%)
(kg/m3)
86.1
1.2
90.5
1.3
1762
84.9
5.9
113.7
5.2
1773
96.7
7.8
106.1
7.4
1784
94.4
10.2
112.5
9.1
1792
81.6
16.5
144.2
11.4
1787
88
23.7
180.8
13.1
1751
1800
1
13
Dry density (kg/m3)
1790
1780
1770
1760
1750
1740
MDD (kg/m3) =
MDD (kg/m3) =
1793 OMC
(%) =content10.3
Moisture
(%)
1793 OMC (%) =
10.3
NMC (%) =
NMC (%) =
4.0
4.0
PROJECT:BH NO:
SAMPLE NO:
DEPTH(m):
OPERATOR:
DATE:
Before Washing
Mass of Pan + soil
Mass of Pan alone
Mass of soil
Dry mass
Mass of Pan + soil
Mass of Pan alone
Mass of dry soil
Mass of washed fines
Correction Factor
Mass of Dry Soil used for test
Bs test sieve
Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology.

Civil & Building Engineering Department.
Materials Testing Laboratory.
BS:1377:1990 : PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
Wet/Dry Sieving Method (Hydrometer Analysis )
SAKU ROAD
SUB-GRADE
ADAUS PASCHAL
06.01.2013
(gm)
(gm)
(gm)
525.50
229.00
296.50
(gm)
(gm)
(gm)
(gm)
(gm)
296.50
502.50
229.00
273.50
23.00
0.98
Mass of Pan
Mass
296.5
296.5
Mass retained
"+ soil
Retained
Correction Value
7.3
79.4
37.2
40.3
40.6
31.7
32.2
0.2
268.9
7.2
77.80
36.5
39.5
39.8
31.1
31.6
0.2
264.4
Overall mass of sample

Pan No
Mass of Pan + soil
Mass of Pan + dry soil
Mass of Pan alone
Mass of water
mass of dry soil
Moisture content
Overall dry mass of sample
% Passing on 19mm
(gm)
Equivalent mass of sample used for test

Correction Factor
(gm)
(gm)
(gm)
(gm)
(gm)
(gm)
%
(gm)
%
% retained
Total % Passing
Mass of Pan
75mm
63mm
50mm
37.5mm
25mm
19mm
Mass of Pan
12.5mm
10mm
6.3mm
Mass of Pan
4.75mm
3.5mm
2mm
1.18mm
600micron
425micron
300micron
212micron
150micron
63micron
Passing
Total
229.00
236.30
308.40
266.20
269.30
269.60
260.70
261.20
229.20
2100.9
2.70
29.50
13.80
15.00
15.10
11.80
12.00
0.10
100.00
100
97
68
54
39
24
12
0
0
Gradation Curve
100
90
Percentage passing (%)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
Sieve size (mm)
SILT
SAND
GRAVEL
100.00

TO BS 1881 : Part 116 : 1983
ATTERBERGS' LIMITS TEST
CLIENT :
LOCATION :
SAKU
OPERATOR :
DATE :
ADAUS
05.01.2013
Test No.
TYPE OF TEST
Initial dial gauge reading
Final gauge reading
Cone penetration
Container No.
Mass of wet soli + container
Mass of dry soil + container
Mass of container
Mass of moisture
Mass of dry soil
Moisture content (w)
Cone penetration
BH No.
Sample No.
Depth(m):
1
2
3
4
LL
LL
LL
LL
mm 3.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.2
2.4
mm 17.8 17.9 19.7 20.6 21.6 22.8 25.4 26.5
mm
14.8
17.7
20.1
23.7
gm
gm
gm
gm
gm
%
mm
29
54.30
53.40
29.10
0.90
24.30
3.70
14.8
43
64.20
62.50
29.70
1.70
32.80
5.18
17.7
59
60.60
58.50
28.30
2.10
30.20
6.95
20.1
8A
55.60
53.70
31.00
1.90
22.70
8.37
23.7
PL
PL
CONEPENETRATION (mm)
CONE PENETRATION (mm) / MOISTURE CONTENT (%)
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
Liquid limit :
Plastic limit (PL)
Plasticity index (PI)
17
10
7
Linear Shrinkage (LS)
NP
8
MOISTURE CONTENT (%)
11
Motorize traffic
Mon
Tues
Thurs
Fri
Total
Cars(saloon&RAV4)
111
92
Wed
67
P/ up&Vans <3 tones
64
45
65
54
60
43
47
378
Lorries under 5t
18
33
28
32
43
46
44
244
Lorries over 5t
14
16
18
15
12
87
Lorries with trailer(Heavy)
32
Semitrailer(Very Heavy)
16
Bus under 25 seats
225
222
253
231
234
243
223
1630
Buss over 25seats
234
237
232
234
231
234
1405
Total
675
675
614
690
650
628
4357
235
649
Summary of Traffic counting

Total number of traffic volume
4,357
Total number of commercial vehicle 1,540

Average Daily traffic
623
52
98
Sat
73
Sun
72
565
DATA FOR RAINFALL IN DSM
Year
Jan
Fe
Mar
DAR PORT
MONTHLY
RAIINFALL
RAINFALL
Apr
Jun
Ma
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oc
Nov
Dec
2001
106
192
171
237
255
11
15
13
3.7
16
87
2002
98
62
49
596
43
2.6
44
80
27
48
44
125
2003
56
50
68
70
134
73
12
10
23
40
41
2004
53
135
53
143
36
42
66
128
46
172
2005
93
2.1
71
139
409
8.3
26
10
13
45
10
2006
9.4
28
269
243
109
189
21
13
53
152
215
2007
10
21
140
191
220
29
11
42
5.9
74
19
2008
46
52
113
228
170
30
19
35
67
137
7.7
2009
65
50
52
197
17
17
18
7.4
33
2010
52
54
78
353
74
22
16
21
46
88
2011
9.5
34
41
205
72
13
20
38
23
77
235
2012
3.6
31
84
210
98
7.8 m
8m
SURVEYING DATA.
LOCATION:SAKU ROAD
BS
IS
OBSERVER:ADAUS PASCHAL
FS
RISE
FALL
1.56
RL
RM
100.27
TBM
1.43
0.13
100.40
RIGHT
0.59
0.84
101.24
CENTER
0.48
100.76
LEFT
0.02
100.74
RIGHT
100.61
CENTER
0.50
101.11
LEFT
1.07
2.35
0.09
2.48
1.98
0.95
1.76
0.22
101.33
RIGHT
1.50
0.74
0.21
101.54
CENTER
0.15
101.69
LEFT
1.35
1.50
0.15
101.54
RIGHT
1.63
0.13
100.41
CENTER
0.13
100.28
LEFT
2.76

CML Test 1.11( BS 1377:Part 4: 1990 and TMH1 method A8: 1986)
Client:
Project:
Chainage:
PIT No.
SAMPLE No.:
Depth(m):
Date:
SAKU ROAD
Top (%)
Bottom (%)
Average CBR Value
SUB GRADE
12.01.2013
Pr. Constant
Bearing value at
2.5mm
19
18
19.0
0.23
Compaction effort
Before soaking
4.09
4.15
4.18
4.14
Aftersoaking
3.95
4.08
4.11
4.05
Swell(mm)
-0.009
dh Volume
Penetr.of
plunger
mm
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
Force on plunger
Top
PR(div)
kN
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.5
3.0
0.7
4.5
1.0
5.0
1.2
6.5
1.5
7.5
1.7
8.0
1.8
9.0
2.1
10.0
2.3
11.0
2.5
11.5
2.6
11.9
2.7
12.5
2.9
13.0
3.0
13.9
3.2
14.5
3.3
15.0
3.5
16.0
3.7
16.5
3.8
17.0
3.9
17.5
4.0
17.5
4.0
18.0
4.1
18.0
4.1
18.5
4.3
19.0
4.4
19.0
4.4
19.5
4.5
20.0
4.6
20.0
4.6
Force on plunger
Bottom
PR(div)
kN
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.5
3.0
0.7
4.5
1.0
5.0
1.2
6.5
1.5
7.5
1.7
8.0
1.8
9.0
2.1
10.0
2.3
10.5
2.4
11.0
2.5
11.0
2.5
11.5
2.6
12.0
2.8
12.0
2.8
12.5
2.9
12.5
2.9
13.0
3.0
13.0
3.0
13.0
3.0
14.0
3.2
14.5
3.3
15.0
3.5
15.0
3.5
15.5
3.6
16.0
3.7
16.0
3.7
16.5
3.8
17.0
3.9
17.5
4.0
5mm
20
15
18
kN/div
4.5kg 5 layers
62 blows
62 blows
Moisture content at compaction

Tin No.
Tin + wet soil (g)
Tin + dry soil (g)
Tin alone (g)
Moisture content (%)
Position
Tin No.
Tin + wet soil (g)
Tin + dry soil (g)
Tin alone (g)
Average mc (%)
CBR
Values
39
33
36
B8
271.3
261.2
93.3
6.0
Moisture content at end of CBR.

Top
B17
336.8
315.5
90.7
9.5
4.7
Density before soaking
mass of mould + soil(g)

Mould number
mass of mould (g)
mass of compacted soil (g)
volume of compacted soil (mls)
Bulk density (Kg/m3)
Dry density (Kg/m3)
Density after soaking
mass of mould + soil(g)
Mould number
mass of mould (g)
mass of compacted soil (g)
volume of compacted soil 2130mls
Bulk density (Kg/m3)
Dry density (Kg/m3)
Centre
Bottom
11042
Z
6125
4917
2130
2.308
1.792
6.0
11189
Z
6125
5064
2130.0
2.377
2.270
4.0
Position
PENETR
ATION
Pr Dial
reading
Equivale
nt kN
CBR
(%)
Top
Bottom
2.5 5.0 2.5 5.0
mm mm mm mm
11.0 17.0 10.5 13.0
2.5
3.9 2.4 3.0
19
20
18 15
Maximum Dry
density
Optimum moisture
content
(Mg/
1.793
m3)
(%)
10.30
MATERIAL LABORATORY TEST

CBR WORKSHEET: CH 0+000
SUBGRADE
MATERIALS
Method
6/4/2013
Compaction Data
Proving Ring Factor
(kN/div)
Proving Ring Capacity
(kN)
MDD
OMC(%)
0.047
40
2110
8.5
Mould No
62 heavy blows, 5 layers

Bef. Soak
After soak
Z
Mass of Mould (g)

Mass of Mould + wet soil
(g)
Mass of wet soil (g)
Volume of Mould (cc)
Wet Density (kg/m3)
Moisture Content
Dry Density (kg/m3)
Compaction (%)

Bef. Soak After soak
Y
A
62 light blows, 3
layers
Bef. Soak After soak
A
62 blws heavy 5lyers
Load-Penetration Curves
6831
6831
6832
6832
6751
6751
11586
4755
2125
2238.000
8.5
1.994
95.0
11596
4762
2125
2241.000
13.3
2.2
106.0
10744
3956
2125
1841.00
8.40
1.84
87.0
10788
3912
2125
1862.00
12.30
1.86
88.0
11086
4117
2125
1937.00
8.30
1.94
92.0
11092
4237
2125
1994.00
13.1
2.0
94.0
62 light blows, 3 layers
7.0
6.0
5.0
C
c
289.2
270.4
51.6
18.8
218.8
8.8
B
222.4
200
31.8
22.4
168.4
13.3
c1
215.5
202.2
43.4
13.3
158.8
8.4
A
D
296.6
281.7
44.8
16.9
136.9
12.3
A
222.6
209.5
42.6
13.1
156.9
8.3
42
236.6
212.8
29
24
182.8
13.1
4.0
Load (kN)
Moisture Content
Determination
Container Number
Wt of wet soil + container (g)
Wt of dry soil + container (g)
Wt of container (g)
Wt of water (g)
Wt of dry soil (g)
3.0
Penetration Data
Plunger Penetration
(mm)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
C
B
62 blws heavy 5lyers 30 heavy blows, 5 layers
Gauge autocalc
Gauge
autocalc
Reading Load (kN)
Reading
Load (kN)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.7
1.0
0.6
4.5
1.3
2.0
1.4
5.0
1.7
2.5
1.7
6.0
2.1
4
1.9
6.5
2.5
5
2.2
7.5
2.8
6.5
2.4
8.5
3.1
7.5
2.8
9.0
3.5
8.5
2.2
10.0
3.8
9.0
3.4
11.0
4.0
10.5
4.8
12.0
4.2
11.5
4.9
12.5
43.0
13.0
5.0
14.0
4.6
14
5.2
15.0
4.7
15.4
5.6
0.9
48.0
16.5
5.0
A
Gauge
autocalc
Reading
Load (kN)
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.2
2.2
0.4
3.0
0.9
4.3
1.5
5.5
2.3
6.0
2.4
6.5
2.5
7.00
2.9
8.0
3.3
9.0
3.5
9.5
3.8
10.5
4.2
12.0
4.5
14.0
4.7
16.0
4.9
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
Pen (mm)
CBR Calculations
autocalc
62 blows
5 layers
CBR at 2.5mm pen (%)
30 blows
5 layers
62 blows
3 layers
19
20
17
24
17
18
20
21
18
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.000
0.01
0.01
autocalc
CBR (%)
Swell
Initia dial gauge reading
0.00
Final dial gauge reading
0.0
Difference (swell)
0.02
Percentage swell
CBRsoaked - Percent MDD Relationship
CBR (%)
0.015
100
Comp. (%)
62 Heavy blows, 5 layers
19
100

24
17
93
88
C
o
m
p
(%)
10
86
Maximum Dry density 96

(%)
7.0
15.0
6.0
15.4
4.8
14.0
3.9
7.5
0.9
6.0
16.5
4.9
16.0
4.1
7.0
6.0
5.0
Load (kN)
MATERIAL LABORATORY TESTS CBR WORKSHEET

SUBGRADE
Sample description:
MATERIAL
Sample
Description:
CH0+500
Depth
62 heavy blows, 5 30 heavy blows, 5 62 light blows,
SUBGRADE MATERIALS
layers
layers
3 layers
Compaction
After
Bef.
Bef.
After
Data
Bef. Soaksoak
Soak
After soak Soak soak
Proving Ring
Mould
Factor (kN/div) 0.047 No
A
A
Y
Y
Z
Z
Proving Ring
Mass of Mould
Capacity (kN)
40 (g)
7200
7200
7231
7231
7232 7232
Mass of Mould +
wet soil (g)
11675
11678 11842
11876 11640 11660
Mass of wet soil
MDD
2185 (g)
4475
4498
4611
4645
4406 4426
Volume of Mould
OMC(%)
7.3 (cc)
2130
2130
2130
2130
2130 2130
Wet Density
2069.0 2078.0
(kg/m3)
2101.000 2112.000 2165.00 2181.00
0
0
Moisture Content
7.5
11.1
8.40
13.30
7.10 12.3
Dry Density
2069.0
(kg/m3)
2100.000 2120.0 2164.00 2178.00
0
2075.0
Compaction (%)
96.0
97.0
99.0
100.0
94.0 95.0
Moisture Content
Determination
C
B
A
Container
Number
c
c1
D
A
42
Wt of wet soil +
container (g)
311.4 205.7
267.7
196.34 211.78 209.34
Wt of dry soil +
container (g)
293.4 188.2
251.16 178.65 199.7
190.54
Wt of container
(g)
32.6
31.1
32.4
30.5
29.88
40.2
Wt of water (g)
18
17.5
16.6
19.69
12.1
18.8
Wt of dry soil
(g)
240.8 157.1
218.76 148.15 169.9
150.34
Moisture
content (%)
7.5
11.1
7.6
13.3
7.1
12.5
Penetration
62 blws heavy 30 heavy blows, 5 62 light blows, 3
Data
5lyers
layers
layers
Plunger
autocal
Penetration
Gauge
c
Gauge autocalc Gauge autocalc
Readin Load
Load
Load
(mm)
g
(kN) Reading
(kN)
Reading (kN)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.5
0.7
1.0
1.8
1.0
0.2
1.0
4.5
1.4
2.0
2.1
2.2
0.4
1.5
5.0
1.9
2.5
2.5
3.0
0.9
2.0
6.0
2.8
4
2.7
4.3
1.5
2.5
6.5
3.4
5
3.1
5.5
2.3
3.0
7.5
3.5
6.5
3.4
6.0
2.4
3.5
8.5
3.7
7.5
3.7
6.5
2.5
4.0
9.0
4.6
8.5
3.8
7.00
2.7
4.5
10.0
5.3
9.0
4.1
8.0
2.9
5.0
11.0
5.4
10.5
4.2
9.0
3.0
5.5
12.0
5.6
11.5
4.4
9.5
3.3
6.0
12.5
5.7
13.0
4.5
10.5
3.4
6.5
14.0
5.9
14
4.7
12.0
3.6
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
4
Pen (mm)
CBR Calculations
autocalc
62 blows
30 blows
62 blows
5 layers
5 layers
3 layers
26
23
17
27
21
15
27
22
16
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.0
0.02
0.01
Difference (swell)
0.02
0.02
0.01
autocalc
CBR (%)
Swell
Percentage swell
0.015
100
CBR (%)
Comp. (%)
26
98
21
99
17
78
C
o
m
p
(%)
10
76
86
Maximum Dry density (%)
96

SUBGRADE
Sample description:
MATERIAL
Sample
Description:
CH 1+000
Depth
62 heavy blows, 5 30 heavy blows, 5 62 light blows,
SUBGRADE MATERIALS
layers
layers
3 layers
Compaction
Bef.
After
Bef.
Bef.
After
Data
Soak
soak
Soak
After soak Soak soak
Proving Ring
Mould
Factor (kN/div) 0.047 No
A
A
Y
Y
Z
Z
Proving Ring
Mass of Mould
Capacity (kN)
40 (g)
6875
6875
6751
6751
6878 6878
Mass of Mould +
wet soil (g)
11176
11238 11139
11152 11273 11294
Mass of wet soil
MDD
2074 (g)
4301
4363
4388
4401
4395 4416
Volume of Mould
OMC(%)
8.5 (cc)
2125
2125
2125
2125
2125 2125
Wet Density
(kg/m3)
2024
2053.
2065.
2071
2068. 2078.
8.4
12.1
8.40
10.50
8.30
10.0
2024
97.
2051
98.
2065.00
99.
2069
98.
2068.
99.
2075
100.
Moisture Content
Determination
C
B
A
Container
Number
42
42
C5
C5
A11
Wt of wet soil +
container (g)
258
273
223
236.7
262.2
Wt of dry soil +
container (g)
242
249
210
216.9
245.9
Wt of container
(g)
52
32
52.6
29.8
50.2
Wt of water (g)
16
24
13.1
19.7
16.3
Wt of dry soil
(g)
190
217
156.9
187.1
195.7
Moisture
content (%)
8.0
12.1
8.4
11.0
8.3
Penetration
62 blws heavy 30 heavy blows, 5 62 light blows, 3
Data
5lyers
layers
layers
Plunger
autocal
Penetration
Gauge
c
Gauge autocalc Gauge autocalc
Readin Load
Load
Load
(mm)
g
(kN) Reading
(kN)
Reading (kN)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.5
0.7
1.0
1.8
1.0
0.5
1.0
4.5
1.3
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.3
1.5
5.0
1.9
2.5
2.5
3.0
1.6
2.0
6.0
2.8
4
2.7
4.3
2.1
2.5
6.5
3.2
5
3.0
5.5
2.3
3.0
7.5
3.4
6.5
3.2
6.0
2.4
3.5
8.5
3.6
7.5
3.4
6.5
2.6
4.0
9.0
4.0
8.5
3.5
7.00
2.7
4.5
10.0
4.2
9.0
3.7
8.0
3.0
5.0
11.0
4.5
10.5
4.0
9.0
3.1
5.5
12.0
4.6
11.5
4.2
9.5
3.3
6.0
12.5
4.8
13.0
4.5
10.5
3.5
6.5
14.0
5.0
14
4.7
12.0
3.6
7.0
15.0
5.3
15.4
4.8
14.0
3.9
7.5
0.9
6.0
16.5
4.9
16.0
4.1
A11
269.8
250
52.2
20

7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
Load (kN)
Moisture Content
Dry Density
(kg/m3)
Compaction (%)
3.0
197.8
10.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
4
Pen (mm)
CBR
Calculations
Autocal
c
62
blows 30 blows 62 blows
5 layers 5 layers 3 layers
CBR at 2.5mm
pen (%)
CBR at 5.0mm
pen (%)
24
22
17
20
16
21
17
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.0
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22
Autocal
c
CBR (%) 23
Swell
Initia dial gauge
reading
Final dial gauge
reading
Difference (swell)
Percentage swell
0.003
CBRsoaked - Percent MDD
Relationship
CBR
Comp.
(%)
(%)
62 Heavy blows,
5 layers
24
98
30 heavy blows, 5
layers
20
99
62 light blows, 3
layers
17
100
100
C
o
m
p
(%)
10
88
98
)

SUB BASE
Sample description:
MATERIALS
Sample Description:
CH 0+000
62 heavy blows, 5
30 heavy blows, 5
SUB BASE MATERIALS
layers
layers
MDD
OMC(%)
0.047 Mould No
40
Mass of Mould (g)

Mass of Mould + wet
soil (g)
2058 Mass of wet soil (g)
9.0
(mm)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
6874
6874
6302
6302
6751
6751
11218
4344
11230
4356
10620
4318
10643
4341
10971
4221
11039
4288
Container Number
Wt of wet soil + container
(g)
Wt of dry soil + container
(g)
Penetration Data
Plunger
Penetration
Volume of Mould (cc)

2125
Wet Density (kg/m3)
2044
Moisture Content
8.8
Dry Density (kg/m3) 2044.000
Compaction (%)
99.0
Moisture Content
Determination
Wt of container (g)
Wt of water (g)
Wt of dry soil (g)
Moisture content
(%)
Bef. Soak After soak Bef. Soak After soak
2125
2050
12.4
2047.0
99.0
2125
2125
2032
2043
9.10
13.00
2031.00
2040.00
98.0 99.0
B
C2
C5
C5
A11
A11
307.4
360
244.7
236.7
216.6
205.7
286.7
326
227
216.9
195.2
183.5
51
20.7
235.6
50.2
34.2
276
45
19
178
29.8
19.7
187.1
32
21.3
164.1
31.1
21.2
153.4
9.1
13.0
62 light blows, 3
layers
13.8
Gauge autocalc
Load
Reading (kN)
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.7
4.5
1.3
5.0
1.9
6.0
2.8
6.5
3.3
7.5
3.4
8.5
3.6
9.0
4.0
10.0
4.2
11.0
4.3
12.0
4.5
12.5
4.7
14.0
5.0
15.0
5.3
0.9
6.0
12.4
8.4
30 heavy blows, 5
layers
Gauge
autocalc
Reading
0.0
1.0
2.0
2.5
4
5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.0
10.5
11.5
13.0
14
15.4
16.5
Load (kN)
0.0
1.8
2.1
2.5
2.7
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.7
4.1
4.2
4.5
4.7
4.8
4.9
6.0
5.0
C2
8.8
62 blws heavy
5lyers
2125
2125
1986
2018
8.70
13.8
1986.00 2015.0
96.0
98.0
7.0
Gauge
Load (kN)
Compaction Data
Proving Ring
Factor (kN/div)
Proving Ring
Capacity (kN)
Depth
62 light blows, 3
layers
Bef.
After
Soak
soak
4.0
3.0
autocalc
Reading Load (kN)

0.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
2.2
1.3
3.0
1.6
4.3
2.1
5.5
2.3
6.0
2.4
6.5
2.6
7.00
2.7
8.0
3.0
9.0
3.2
9.5
3.3
10.5
3.5
12.0
3.6
14.0
3.9
16.0
4.1
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
Pen5(mm)
CBR Calculations
autocalc
62 blows
30 blows
62 blows
5 layers
5 layers
3 layers
26
22
18
22
21
16
24
22
17
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.0
0.00
0.00
Difference (swell)
0.01
0.00
0.00
autocalc
CBR (%)
Percentage swell
0.003
100
C

CBR (%)
Comp. (%)
m
24
99
22
98
17
97
p
(%)
10
95

SUB BASE
Sample description:
MATERIALS
Sample
Description:
CH 0+000
62 heavy blows, 5 30 heavy blows, 5
SUB BASE MATERIALS
layers
layers
MDD
OMC(%)
40
Mass of Mould (g)

7234
Mass of Mould +
wet soil (g)
11218
Mass of wet soil
2124 (g)
4747
Volume of Mould
9.8 (cc)
2125
Wet Density
(kg/m3)
2233
Moisture Content
8.5
Dry Density
(kg/m3)
2230.000
Compaction (%)
96.0
7234
6736
6736
7100
11230
10620
10643
10971 11039
4886
4651
4857
4367
4525
2125
2125
2125
2125
2125
2235
14.1
2188
8.60
2266
14.60
2136
8.50
2140
15.0
2232.0
97.0

7.0
7100
6.0
5.0
2186.00 2262.00 2130.00 2015.0

98.0 97.0
96.0
88.0
Moisture Content
Determination
C
B
A
Container
Number
C2
C2
C5
C5
A11
A11
Wt of wet soil +
container (g)
307.4
360
244.7
236.7
216.6
205.7
Wt of dry soil + container
(g)
286.7
326
227
216.9
195.2
183.5
Wt of container
(g)
51
50.2
45
29.8
32
31.1
Wt of water (g)
20.7
34.2
19
19.7
21.3
21.2
Wt of dry soil (g)
235.6
276
178
187.1
164.1
153.4
Moisture content
(%)
8.5
14.1
8.6
15.1
8.5
15.3
Penetration
62 blws heavy 30 heavy blows, 5
62 light blows, 3
Data
5lyers
layers
layers
Plunger
Penetration
Gauge autocalc Gauge autocalc Gauge autocalc
Readin Load
Load
(mm)
g
(kN) Reading Load (kN) Reading
(kN)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.5
0.7
1.0
1.8
1.0
0.5
1.0
4.5
1.3
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.3
1.5
5.0
1.9
2.5
2.5
3.0
1.6
2.0
6.0
2.8
4
2.8
4.3
2.1
2.5
6.5
3.4
5
3.4
5.5
2.4
3.0
7.5
3.6
6.5
3.6
6.0
2.6
3.5
8.5
3.6
7.5
3.8
6.5
2.7
4.0
9.0
4.0
8.5
4.0
7.00
2.9
4.5
10.0
4.2
9.0
4.3
8.0
3.2
5.0
11.0
4.3
10.5
4.5
9.0
3.4
5.5
12.0
4.5
11.5
4.8
9.5
3.6
6.0
12.5
4.7
13.0
4.9
10.5
3.7
6.5
14.0
5.0
14
5.1
12.0
3.9
7.0
15.0
5.3
15.4
5.3
14.0
4.1
7.5
0.9
6.0
16.5
5.4
16.0
4.5
4.0
Load (kN)
Proving Ring
Factor (kN/div)
Proving Ring
Capacity (kN)
Depth
62 light blows, 3
layers
Bef.
After
Compaction Data Bef. Soak After soak Bef. SoakAfter soak Soak soak
Mould
0.047 No
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
4
Pen (mm)
CBR Calculations

autocalc
62 blows 30 blows
62 blows
5 layers
3 layers
5 layers
26
26
18
22
21
17
autocalc
CBR (%)
24
24
18
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.0
0.00
0.00
Difference (swell)
0.01
0.00
0.00
Percentage swell
0.003
100

CBR (%) Comp. (%)
62 Heavy blows, 5
layers
30 heavy blows, 5
layers
24
96
24
97
18
92
C
o
m
p
(%)
10
88
98
SUMMARY OF LABORATORY MATERIAL TESTS

TEST
CH 0+000
CH 0+250
CH 0+500
62 blows 5layers 4.5kg
20
21
18
27
22
16
23
21
17
24
24
18
16
20
15
19
18
14
CBR TEST
COMPACTION TEST
MDD (Kg/m3)
2110
2185
2074
OMC (%)
8.5
7.3
8.5
SIEVE ANALYSIS TEST

BS Method of soil classification
Fines (%)
23.85
20.3
24.25
Sand (%)
68.1
68.4
68.3
Gravel (%)
0.05
11.3
7.45
SUMMARY OF TRAFFIC VOLUME ANALYSIS:

Weight of
axle(tones)
<3
3-5
5-7
7-9
9-11
Total
Mid point
(L)
Equivalent factor
(L/8.2)4.55
Number of
vehicles (N)
Standard axles
=(EFXN)
2
4
6
8
10
0.001629
0.0382
0.2414
0.8937
2.4667
378
1874
1492
32
16
=3792
0.62
71.59
360.17
28.60
39.47
=481.9788
TRAFFIC CALCATION:
Equivalent factor (EF) = (L/8.2)4.55

Standard axle (SA) = Equivalent factor x Standard axle.
Number of standard axle per commercial vehicle
=Total number of standard axle
Total number of comm. vehicle
=481.9788 SA
1540/7CV
2.1908SA
CV
Standard axle per day (t) =481.9788
7days
=68.85SA/day.
COMULATIVE EQUIVALENT STANDARD AXLE LOAD (C.E.S.A.L)
For the design,

Standard axle per day (t) =68.85SA/day
Design life (n) =3years.
Growth rate (r) =5%.
Then,
C.E.S.A.L=365Xtx[(1+r)n -1]
r
=365x68.85x[(1+0.05)3-1 ]
0.05
C.E.S.A.L =79,223.111
Cumulative equivalent standard axle load (c.E.S.A.L.) = 0.792231X106
REFERENCE
Administration, T. M. (2000). Laboratory Testing

Manuals. Dar es Salaam: Novum Grafisk AS, Skjetten
Norway.
S.K.Kanna-C.EG.Justo. (1991). Highway Engineering.
Roorkee247667, INDIA: NEM CHAND &
BROS.ROORKEE(U.P).
Work, T. M. (1999). Pavement and Materials Design

Manual. Dar es Salaam: Allkopi AS, Oslo Norway.

Project Title: Design of Gravel Road at Mbagala. Case Study:Saku Project Type: Design. Student Name: Adaus Paschal. ADMISSION NO: 1001016998

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Project Title: Design of Gravel Road at Mbagala. Case Study:Saku Project Type: Design. Student Name: Adaus Paschal. ADMISSION NO: 1001016998

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PROJECT TITLE: DESIGN OF GRAVEL

SUB-BASE /BASE COURSE.

DESIGN OF WHEEL LOAD

TRAFFIC COUNTING CALCULATION:

E.S.a =(load/8160kg)4.55 or (load/8.16tone)4.55

Operator Adaus Paschal

Dry density (kg/m3)

1793 OMC (%) =

Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology.

Overall mass of sample

Equivalent mass of sample used for test

Percentage passing (%)

Sieve size (mm)

Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology.

TO BS 1881 : Part 116 : 1983

ATTERBERGS' LIMITS TEST

CONE PENETRATION (mm) / MOISTURE CONTENT (%)

Linear Shrinkage (LS)

P/ up&Vans <3 tones

Lorries with trailer(Heavy)

Bus under 25 seats

Buss over 25seats

Summary of Traffic counting

Total number of commercial vehicle 1,540

DATA FOR RAINFALL IN DSM

Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology.

Moisture content at compaction

Moisture content at end of CBR.

mass of mould + soil(g)

3.9 2.4 3.0

MATERIAL LABORATORY TEST

62 heavy blows, 5 layers

Mass of Mould (g)

30 heavy blows, 5 layers

62 blws heavy 5lyers

62 light blows, 3 layers

62 Heavy blows, 5 layers

30 heavy blows, 5 layers

Maximum Dry density 96

62 blws heavy 5lyers

MATERIAL LABORATORY TESTS CBR WORKSHEET

CBR at 2.5mm pen (%)

CBR at 5.0mm pen (%)

Initia dial gauge reading

Final dial gauge reading

CBRsoaked - Percent MDD Relationship

62 Heavy blows, 5 layers

30 heavy blows, 5 layers

62 light blows, 3 layers

MATERIAL LABORATORY TESTS CBR WORKSHEET

30 heavy blows, 5 layers

62 blws heavy 5lyers

Maximum Dry density (%)

62 blws heavy 5lyers

MATERIAL LABORATORY TESTS CBR WORKSHEET

Mass of Mould (g)

Volume of Mould (cc)

Bef. Soak After soak Bef. Soak After soak

Reading Load (kN)

CBR at 2.5mm pen (%)

CBR at 5.0mm pen (%)

Initia dial gauge reading