Calculation of Short Circuit Current as per IEC 60909 std.

Muhammad Haekal 920016246

Nature of Short Circuit Current

When a short-circuit occurs on a power system :
1. Arcing & burning 2. Short circuit current occurs 3. System voltage drops

Short circuit current sources : Transformers, Generators, Synchronous & Induction Motors

Characteristic of short-circuit current

Far-from-genera

Far-from-generator shortcircuit current

Near-to-generator shortcircuit current

Types of short-circuit current

Equivalent voltage source at fault location F

Short circuit impedances of a 3phase system on a short-circuit location F

Calculation of short-circuit currents

The short-circuit current can be considered as the sum of the following two components:
1. 2. the a.c. component with constant amplitude during the whole short circuit, the aperiodic d.c. component beginning with an initial value A and decaying to zero.

In the case of a far-from-generator short circuit, the symmetrical a.c. currents Ik", Ib, and Ik are r.m.s. values and are nearly equal In the case of near-to-generator, circuit breaking current Ib is smaller than the initial symmetrical short-circuit current Ik and the steady-state short-circuit current Ik is smaller than the symmetrical short-circuit breaking current 1,.

Calculation of equipment impedances

(Eq.1)
If no accurate value is known for the resistance RQ of network feeders, one may substitute RQ = 0,l XQ where XQ = 0,995 ZQt

(Eq.2)

(Eq.3)

(Eq.4)

(Eq.5)

(Eq.7)

(Eq.6)

(Eq.8)

Calculation of initial short-circuit current (ik)

(Eq.9)

(Eq.10)

(Eq.11)

(Eq.12)

Calculation of peak short-circuit current (ip)

(Eq.13) (Eq.15)

(for meshed networks)

(Eq.14)

(if Z(1) = Z(2))

(Eq.16)

(Eq.17)

(Eq.18)

(Eq.19)

Calculation of DC component of shortcircuit current (id.c)

(Eq.20)

For meshed networks, the ratio R/X or X/R is to be determined by the method of equivalent frequency. An equivalent impedance Zc = Rc + jXc, of the system as seen from the short-circuit location is calculated assuming a frequency = 20 Hz (for a nominal frequency off = 50 Hz) or fc = 24 Hz (for a nominal frequency off = 60 Hz). The R/X or X/R ratio is then determined according to equation
(Eq.21)

Depending on the product f . t; where f is the frequency and t is the time, the equivalent frequency f, should be used as follows:

Example of calculation
A low-voltage system with Un= 400 V and f= 50 Hz is given in figure 6. The shortcircuit currents Ik" and ip shall be determined at the short-circuit locations F1 to F3. It may be assumed that the short circuits at the locations F1 to F3 are far-fromgenerator short circuits

Example of calculation
Equipment impedance calculations (positive sequence impedance)
(Eq.2) (Eq.3) (Eq.4)

(Eq.5)

(Eq.6)

(Eq.7) (Eq.8)

Example of calculation
Equipment impedance calculations (zero sequence impedance)

(Eq.9)

(Eq.19)
Because the R/X-ratio of ZT2K+ ZL1+ ZL2 is higher than 0,3, it is necessary to introduce the factor 1,15

(Eq.14)

Example of calculation
Using equivalent frequency method :

(Eq.21) (Eq.13)

(Eq.9)

(Eq.21) (Eq.13)

References
1. IEC 60909-0 Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems Part 0: Calculation of currents. 2001 2. IEC 60909-4 Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems Part 4: Examples for the calculation of short-circuit currents. 2000 3. http://www.geindustrial.com/publibrary/checkout/GET3550F?TNR=White%20Papers|GET-3550F|generic