DWI LAKSANA
LAB. IKM/IKK JURUSAN KEDOKTERAN FKIK UNSOED
Mental
and behavioural disorders are not exclusive to any special group they are found in people of all regions, all countries and all societies. About 450 million people suffer from mental disorders (WHOs World Health Report, 2001). One person in four will develop one or more mental or behavioural disorders during their lifetime (WHO, 2001b).
Mental
and behavioural disorders are present at any point in time in about 10% of the adult population worldwide. One fifth of teenagers under the age of 18 years suffer from developmental, emotional or behavioural problems, one in eight has a mental disorder; Among disadvantaged children the rate is one in five.
Mental
and neurological disorders account for 13% of the total Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost due to all diseases and injuries in the world (WHO, 2004d). Five of the ten leading causes of disability worldwide are psychiatric conditions, including:
Depression, Alcohol use, Schizophrenia and Compulsive disorder (Murray & Lopez, 1996).
Projections
estimate that by the year 2020 neuropsychiatric conditions will account for 15% of disability worldwide, with unipolar depression alone accounting for 5.7% of DALYs.
Proyeksi 5 Penyakit Utama tahun 1990-2020 ISPA Diare Penyakit pada masa perinatal
Proyeksi 5 Penyakit Utama tahun 2020 Ischaemic Heart Disease Unipolar Major Depression Road traffic accidents
Cerebro-vascular disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Angka
were similar to those in industrialized countries. the Indonesian Psychiatric Epidemiologic Network (2004): the prevalence of mental disorders in adults was 18.5%
among
Suryani
et al (1990) noted a relatively high prevalence (about 40%) of excessive alcohol consumption in a less developed village compared to a more developed one. Narendra et al (1990) noted an increase in risk taking behaviours like drug use among adolescents in Indonesia.
Smet
et al (1999): Among male students, smoking increased dramatically between the ages of 11 and 17, from 8.2% to 38.7%
Determinants: Best friends smoking behaviour and
et al (1992): The prevalence rate of autism within the birth cohort was 0.12%
Risk
factors are associated with an increased probability of onset, greater severity and longer duration of major health problems. Protective factors refer to conditions that improve peoples resistance to risk factors and disorders
Social,
for mental health are related to macroissues such as poverty, war and inequity
Individual and family-related determinants Individual and family-related risk and protective factors
can be biological, emotional, cognitive, behavioural, interpersonal or related to the family context