PYRIDOXINE

Presented by: MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN ARIFIN MUHAMMAD LUQMAN BIN YUNUS AHMAD IZZUDDIN BIN MAZLAN AMIRUL HUSSAINI BIN BUJANG AIMI SYAIRAH BINTI ISMAIL BALQIS BINTI MUHAMAD KASIM NUR SYAHIRAH BINTI TUMIRAN

Pyridoxine

5th march 2013

Learning Outcomes

Natural Sources of Vitamin B6

Beans, legumes, nuts, eggs, meats, fish, breads, cereals

Structure
Derivatives of Purine Ring Pyridoxine

Purine Pyridoxine Ring 2-Methly, 3-Hydroxy, 4,5-diHydroxyMethyl Pyridine

Structure
Pyridoxal

Purine Pyridoxal Ring

Structure
Pyridoxamine

Pyridoxamine Purine Ring

PLP

Metabolism of Vitamin B6
PL PM

PMP

alkaline phosphatase

alkaline phosphatase ECF ICF PM PNP oxidase PL kinase PLP phosphatase PMP PNP oxidase

PA

aldehyde oxidase

PL PNP oxidase PN

PL kinase PLP phosphatase

PLP PNP oxidase

PL pyridoxal PLP pyridoxal phosphate PM pyridoxamine PMP pyridoxamine phosphate PN pyridoxine PNP pyridoxine phosphate PA pyridoxic acid

PL kinase PLP phosphatase

PNP

Therefore, there are six forms of vitamin B6: 1)pyridoxal (PL), 2)pyridoxine (PN), 3)pyridoxamine (PM), 4)pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), 5)pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP), 6)pridoxamine 5'-phospate (PMP). 4-pyridoxic acid (PA) is the catabolite which is excreted in the urine. PLP is the active coenzyme form, and has the most importance in human metabolism.

Biochemical role of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

1. Transamination reaction, are catalyzed by amino transferases (transaminases) which employ PLP as the coenzyme.

SGPT
B6-P / PLP

Pyruvate

Glutamate

Alanine
(New -amino acid)

-keto Glutarate
(New -keto acid)

(Recipient -keto acid) (Donor -amino acid)

SGPT - Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase

2. Decarboxylation of amino acids require PLP catalyzed by decarboxylases. i. Histidine Histamine ii. Cysteine Taurine iii. 5-hydroxy tryptophan serotonin iv. Glutamate GABA (gamma amino butyric acid)

3. PLP is required for the formation of haemoglobin and the growth of red blood cells It acts as coenzyme for the enzyme ALA synthase, in the first step of heme biosynthesis.

4. PLP is required for the synthesis of niacin (vitamin B3) from trytophan.
Tryptophan

Kynurenine

3-OH-Kynurenine
Kynureninase
B6-P / PLP

3-OH-Anthranilic Acid

NIACIN

5. In glycogenolysis, both muscle and liver phosphorylases (glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate) requires PLP as coenzyme.

Other functions of Vitamin B6

Neurotransmitter synthesis

Gene expression
Formation of ceramide and sphingolipid

Deficiency
Anemia (involved in heme synthesis) Glossitis-inflammation of the tongue Scaly dermatitis Cheilosis Seizures

Cheilosis

Scaly dermatitis

Toxicity
Nerve irritation Headaches Severe fatigue Insomnia Nerve damage

References

Biochemistry Instant Notes for Medical Students; Seetharamaiah Chittiprol Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students; DM Vasudevan, Sreekumari S, Kannan Vaidyanathan http://pathman.smpdb.ca/pathways/SMP00017/pathway?level= 2 http://www.vitamins-supplements.org/vitamin-B6pyridoxine.php http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-QuickFacts/ http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-HealthProfessional/

Thank You

Role in Amino Acid Metabolism

Mechanism of TRANSAMINATION Reaction

Glutamate (Donor -amino acid)

Pyruvic Acid (Recipient -keto acid) Pyridoxal-P

Role in Amino Acid Metabolism

Mechanism of Mechanism TRANSAMINATION of Reaction Reaction

Glutamate (Donor -amino acid) -keto Glutarate (New -keto acid)

Pyruvic Acid (Recipient -keto acid) Pyridoxal-P Pyridoxamine-P

Role in Amino Acid Metabolism

Mechanism of TRANSAMINATION Reaction

Glutamate (Donor -amino acid) -keto Glutarate (New -keto acid)

Pyruvic Acid (Recipient -keto acid) Pyridoxal-P Pyridoxamine-P Alanine (New -amino acid)

Pyridoxal-P

Role in Amino Acid Metabolism

General Amino Acid Reactions Decarboxylation Reactions
Removal of CO2 to produce AMINES

B6-P

Decarboxylase

CO2

Histidine

Role in Amino Acid Metabolism

General Amino Acid Reactions Decarboxylation Reactions
Removal of CO2 to produce AMINES

B6-P

Decarboxylase

CO2

Histidine

Histamine

Role in Amino Acid Metabolism

General Amino Acid Reactions Decarboxylation Reactions
Removal of CO2 to produce AMINES

B6-P

Decarboxylase

CO2

Histidine

Histamine