RUSLAN BIN MAPEALA IPG KAMPUS TAWAU SABAH

Kelas bercantum merujuk kepada kelas-kelas di sekolah rendah yang mengandungi murid-murid yang umurnya hampir sebaya; misalnya tahun satu dan dua, tahun tiga dan empat serta tahun lima dan enam
Multi-grade classroom refers to the merging of classes in primary schools containing pupils almost coeval age, eg in one and two, year three and four and five and six years

Bermula sejak penjajahan British di negara ini di mana ia dikenali sebagai Multiple Class Teaching. Multiple Class Teaching dijalankan di Lower Primary School kerana bilangan guru yang sangat sedikit dan kemudahan asas yang tidak mencukupi.

British colonization began in the country where it is known as Multiple Class Teaching. Multiple Class Teaching conducted in Lower Primary School because the teachers are very little and inadequate basic facilities.

Kelas bercantum sebagai satu bentuk pengajaran yang mana seorang guru mengajar murid-murid terdiri daripada beberapa gred atau lebih daripada satu gred di dalam sebuah bilik darjah. (UNESCO, 1988).

Multi-grade classroom "as a form of teaching where a teacher teaching students consists of several grades or more than one grade in a classroom." (UNESCO, 1988).

a. b. c.

Kalau bilangan guru tidak mencukupi dan bilangan murid adalah 10 orang atau kurang, kelas perlu dicantum. Seelok-eloknya satu kelas bercantum tidak melebihi 20 orang murid. Umur murid-murid dalam satu kelas bercantum perlulah hampir sama dan dari tahap yang sama, misalnya darjah satu dan dua atau darjah dua dan tiga.
If insufficient number of teachers and number of students is 10 or less, the class should be merged. Preferably one class together does not exceed 20 students. Age of pupils in a class together and the same should be almost the same level, such as one and two degrees or degrees two and three.

a. b. c.

Teaching in a multi-grade classroom is different from teaching in a single-grade classroom. for example:

Teachers can effectively use thematic approaches that cross grade levels. In writing class, all students in the room might write on the same theme, but there are different expectations: grade one students are expected to write a few lines or a few words, while grade six students are expected to write a short essay with a beginning, middle and end. Peer or cross-age tutoring can be used to advantage. Before students can tutor someone else they must understand the material thoroughly themselves. Students are expected to take more responsibility for their own learning. This might require the development of an individualized learning plan with each student and frequent conferences with students.

Kelas ini wujud di sekolah rendah sahaja. Murid-murid berbeza peringkat umur dan tahun persekolahan Bilangan murid kurang daripada 10 orang. Guru mengajar lebih daripada satu tahun persekolahan kerana peruntukan guru mengikut bilangan kelas. Strategi pengajaran dan pembelajaran berbeza daripada kelas biasa.

This class exists in primary school. Pupils different ages and years of schooling Number of students less than 10 people. Teachers teach more than one school year for teacher allocation according to the number of classes. Teaching and learning strategies different from regular classes.

Konsep kepelbagaian murid perlu diambil kira kerana setiap murid mempunyai daya tanggapan, imaginasi, minat dan konsentrasi yang berbeza-beza .
Murid-murid dibahagikan kepada kumpulan-kumpulan kecil seperti berikut: (a) Kumpulan Sama Kebolehan / Same Group Ability (b) Kumpulan Pelbagai Kebolehan / Various Ability (c) Kumpulan Tahun Persekolahan / Year of school Group (d) Kumpulan Sosial / Social Group (e) Kumpulan Individu / Individual Group

The concept of student diversity should be taken into account because each student has its perception, imagination, interest and varying concentrations.

Sesuai untuk mata pelajaran matematik dan bahasa. Guru secara berhati-hati membahagikan murid-murid pada kumpulan-kumpulan tertentu. Biasanya bilangan murid-murid dalam kumpulan sederhana adalah lebih ramai daripada murid-murid dalam kumpulan cerdas dan lemah. Guru hendaklah lebih menitikberatkan keperluan kumpulan yang lemah ini.

Ideal for teaching math and language. Teachers carefully divide the students in certain groups. Normally, the number of pupils in the medium is more then students in the intelligent and weak. Teachers should be more concerned with the needs of weak groups

Terdiri drpd murid-murid pelbagai kebolehan. Setiap kump terdiri drpd murid yg berkebolehan dlm pelbagai aktiviti sama ada yang pandai membaca, melukis, penulis dan jg yg aktif dlm hands on. Murid yg cerdas dpt membantu murid yg lambat. Biasanya kump ini dibentuk utk menjalankan satu tugasan @ projek. Lembaran kerja pula disediakan mengikut kebolehan individu.

Consists of a variety of students abilities. Each group consists of students who are capable in a variety of activities, some of them can read, good in drawing, writer and an active in the practical work. Intelligent pupils can help slow students. Typically this group was formed to carry out a task or project. Worksheets are provided according to individual abilities.

Guru mengajar satu tahun tertentu, manakala pd masa yg sama kump tahun persekolahan lain pula melakukan kerja sendiri. Sesuai bagi kemahiran yg berbeza. Setiap thn ada kumpulan lambat, sederhana & cerdas. Guru mengajar mengikut thn secara bergilir. Guru menyediakan lembaran kerja utk semua kumpulan.

Teachers teach a particular year, while at the same time another group of the school year to do the work themselves. Suitable for different skills. Each year of group consist of slow, medium and intelligent students. Teachers teach according to year of school rotation. Teacher provides worksheets for all groups.

Kump ini dibentuk berdasarkan kpd penyesuaian kanakkanak itu sendiri. Kanak-kanak diberi peluang memilih kumpkumpulannya sendiri. Jenis aktiviti yg dibuat biasanya seperti permainan, pelajaran muzik, drama @ pelajaran bercorak rekreasi & kesihatan.
The band was formed based on the adaptation of the child itself. Children are allowed to choose their own group-group. Types of activities made usually includes games, music lessons, drama or recreation-oriented education and health.

Kaedah ini boleh digunakan setelah semua kump murid telah melibatkan diri dlm aktiviti pembelajaran. Guru boleh mengambil kesempatan utk membimbing secara individu.

This method can be used after all the students have been involved in learning activities. Teachers can take advantage of individual guides.

Guru perlu sedar sukatan pelajaran tersebut perlu diubahsuai supaya selaras dgn kehendak murid-murid dlm kelas bercantum. Guru yg mengajar perlu meneliti isi kandungan sukatan pelajaran bagi kedua-dua tahun tersebut & membuat penyesuaian bagi setiap mata pelajaran supaya dpt diajar serentak. Guru perlu mengubahsuai jadual waktu supaya mata pelajaran berkenaan dpt diajar dgn serentak. Namun jika dua tajuk berlainan terpaksa diajar pada satu masa, kaedah pengajaran kumpulan perlu dititikberatkan.
Teachers should be aware that the syllabus provided must be modified to be consistent with the requirements of the pupils in the class together. Teacher must to examine the contents of the syllabus for both the year and make adjustments for each subject to be taught simultaneously. Teachers need to modify the schedule so that the subject can be taught simultaneously. But if two different titles had taught at one time, the teaching methods should be emphasized.

Rancangan Pengajaran Harian (RPH) merupakan satu rekod yang sangat penting bagi guru berdasarkan surat pekeliling K.P Bil.256/1961. Rancangan Pengajaran Harian sangat penting kerana:
a) Satu rujukan untuk persediaan pelajaran harian. b) Dapat menentukan kemajuan sesuatu kelas dlm pelbagai mata pelajaran. c) Sebagai panduan berkenaan kemajuan & prestasi seseorang murid. d) Dpt menyemak tugasan-tugasan yg sudah/belum selesai dlm rancangan utk setahun. e) Sebagai panduan & membantu guru-guru lain yg mengambil alih mengajar bagi sesuatu darjah.

1. Talk to your administrator to find out what is required of you. Do you have to teach two separate curriculums? What subjects can you combine? How can your teammates support you? 2. Think of your class as a range of abilities rather than two different grade levels. The reality is a straight grade can have just a big of an ability spread as a combination classroom. 3. I recommend a balanced literacy format. Teach reading and writing lessons as a whole group, and then break up into small groups for guided reading or individual conferences. This is where you will meet the needs of your students. 4. Typically you will have to teach two separate math curriculums. I highly suggest you look at the Guided Math format. This will solve how to teach two math curriculums and gives you a chance to individualize math instruction. 5. Be prepared before the school year begins with information for parents. When those class lists go up, you are bound to have questions from parents. Being prepared to show them how you are going to effectively handle two grades will ease their fears. Create a brochure or newsletter with your teaching schedule, what curriculum you are going to cover, and details how you are going to meet the needs of your students. 6. Stay positive!! Get in the mindset that this is going to be a great experience, not just for the students but you as well!