By J.C.WASON
H (WIND/EQ) W=DL+LL W
TUBE SYSTEMS A Tube structure is a 3 D space Tube like stiff vertical cantilever system fixed at base and subjected to vertical loads due to D.L & L.L & Horizontal loads due to EQ & wind
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TUBE STRUCTURES :
Def: A Three dimensional space structure composed of Stiff rigid frames, Braced frames, Shear walls or their combinations joined together to form a Tube like structural system capable of resisting lateral forces in any direction by cantilevering from foundations.
Tube structures :
Entire Tube structure participates in overturning resistance.
1. Framed Tubes :
A Framed Tube system has closely spaced columns and deep spandrel beams, such that the entire structure acts like a perforated cantilevered vertical Tube resisting lateral loads due to wind and EQ. Examples : 40 storeyed De Witt Apartment Building, USA.
WIND FORCE
FRAMED TUBE :
40 storeyed De Witt Apartment Bldg USA. Col spacing = 1.7 m c/c Stiffened by stiff beams
40 STOREYED DE WITT BLDG, USA : FRAMED TUBE SYSTEM TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
JOHN HAN COCK TOWER, CHICAGO, USA. : 100 STOREYED BRACED FRAMED TUBE SYSTEM BLDG.
100 STOREYED JOHN HANCOCK TOWER BLDG, CHICAGO, USA BRACED FRAMED TUBE SYSTEM
TUBE IN TUBE SYSTEM HAS AN EXTERNAL TUBE AND AN INTERNAL TUBE TO PROVIDE STIFFNESS-SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT
39 DEEP SPANDRAL BEAMS BY 24 WIDE TO 30TK FLOOR & 18 WIDE AVG. COLUMN 33X26 TO ROOF
SHEAR WALLS
STEEL FLOORS
FRAMED TUBE
FIRST CANADIAN CENTRE, CALGARY, CANADA 64 STOREYED TUBE IN TUBE SYSTEM : FRONT VIEW
110 STOREYED SEARS TOWERS BUILDING, CHICAGO, USA. BUNDLED TUBE SYSTEM.
FRONT VIEW
110 STOREYED SEARS TOWERS BLDG, CHICAGO, USA . BUNDLED TUBE FRAMING SYSTEM.
ZONE 3
91 TO 110 ZONE 2 67 TO 90
75
ZONE 1
51 TO 66
110
90
66 50
PLAN SHAPES
ZONE 3
ZONE 3
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STEEL DECK
FALSE CEILING
22900mm (75-0)
110 STOREYED SEARS TOWERS, CHICAGO, USA FLOOR SYSTEM : STEEL DECK ROOF- CONC. COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEM (SCHEMATIC)
1040 mm
World Trade Centre, New York, USA(1972) : (Demolished during terrorist attack)
No. of storeyes : 110 Ht from street to roof : 411.5m Bldg use : Office, commercial Frame material : Steel Structural system : Framed Tube with core columns for lifts
CORE COLUMNS
110 STOREYED WORLD TRADE CENTRE, NEW YORK, USA FRAMED TUBE SYSTEM,
CONCRETE
FLOOR TILES
CORRUGATED STEEL SHHETS TRUSS COVERING UTILITY DUCTS: TELEPHONE AND POWER HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING DUCT
WORLD TRADE SYSTEM FLOOR SYSTEM; FLAT STEEL ROOF TRUSSES WITH RCC SLAB FLOORS WITH CORROGATED SHEET COVERING
World Trade Centre, New York, USA (contd). External Tube and Core :
Structural system consists of 240 external wall cols, Spaced at 1.01 m c/c. tied by 1.34 m deep beams at each floor to form Virendeel Truss. Structure forms a 63.5 m square Tube, with internal columns only at central lift core.
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Cavity between the trusses is used to accommodate the A/C ducts and other service pipes.
DAMPERS : 10000 dampers installed to dampen movements due to wind.
CONCRETE
FLOOR TILES
CORRUGATED STEEL SHHETS TRUSS COVERING UTILITY DUCTS: TELEPHONE AND POWER HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING DUCT
WORLD TRADE SYSTEM FLOOR SYSTEM; FLAT STEEL ROOF TRUSSES WITH RCC SLAB FLOORS WITH CORROGATED SHEET COVERING
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