GROUND ANCHORS AND ANCHOR SYSTEMS

Presented by: Adil Umer 2011-MS-CEG-05 (adilumer2@gmail.com)

Atif Hafeez 2011-MS-CEG-01 (engratifhafeez@gmail.com)

CONTENTS
Ground Anchor Anchored Walls Applications Design Considerations

Ground Anchors
Meaning of Anchor Ground Anchors (Our concern)
Anchored Element Anchorage Bearing Plate

Types
Statistics for use Anchor Capacity Anchored Walls

Bound Tendon (in grouted region)

Sheathing
Unbound Tendon

Site Visit Album

Anchored Walls
Soldier Beam and Lagging Walls. (Most Commonly used type)

Continuous Walls.

Anchored Wall Systems

CONCEPT Create internally stable mass of soil. Adequate level of serviceability. DESIGN To be secure against range of potential failures.

RESISTANCE Anchors. Wall Elements.

POTENTIAL FAILURES

How to decide bound and unbound length??

Decision for Unbound and bound length of the tendons depends on:

and soil grout resistance respectively

Soldier beam and Lagging Walls (Construction Sequence)

Application of Ground anchors and Anchored Systems

Steps for the Design of Anchored Wall (Courtesy FHWA)

1. Preliminary Survey, Geotechnical Investigation

2. Force Analysis

3. Ground Anchor Geometry, Design of Wall

Software for Analysis for Geotechnical Capacity of Ground Anchors

DEEPXCav.
Slope stability analysis Soil nailing walls with French Clouterre standards incorporated. Eurocode 2, 3, 7, 8 implemented. ACI 318-08, ASD 9th, LRFD Multiple wall beams can be activated at any stage. Irregular ground layers Geotechnical capacity calculations for ground anchors. Extensive verification examples. Cofferdam walls and bin type walls with different assumptions. Detailed summary reports in word and pdf. Copy - Export to Excel + More

Case Study of Pile-Anchor Support System for Deep Excavations in Lahore

The Project of IT Tower Gulberg, Lahore

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Project Overview
28 Storey (5B + G + 22F). Owned by M/s Urban Developers. Excavation Support System Designed and Supervised by M/s NESPAK. Depth of Excavation Required for 5B = 64 Ft.

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Design Parameters Adopted

4 Rows of Anchors have been considered. The depth from NSL to the center of the Grouted portion of the first level anchor is typically taken as greater than 5 m. 1st Anchor Level = 11 ft from NSL 2nd Anchor Level = 26 ft from NSL 3rd Anchor Level = 41 ft from NSL 4th Anchor Level = 56 ft from NSL
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Schematic Arrangements of Ground Anchors

NSL 15 26 41 56 64 Excavation Line ML 1 = 115 Pcf 1 = 23 SM 2 = 122 Pcf 2 = 33 SM 3 = 125 Pcf 3 = 35
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Design Approaches Used

Three Design Approaches were used Design manuals of a) FHWA (Federal HighWay Administration)

b) NAVFAC (NAVal FAcilites Command Services) c) Canadian Geotechnical Manual Note: Only the FHWA design procedure is explained in presentation.
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FHWA
Assuming full mobilization of Soil Shear Strength, active earth pressure is evaluated using conventional geotechnical analysis. Total Load, imposed by active earth pressure, on the face of excavation is then Calculated.

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Spacing Requirements for Ground Anchors

FHWA (1999)

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Apparent Earth Pressure Diagram

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Apparent Earth Pressure Diagram (contd.)

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Apparent Earth Pressure Diagram (contd.)

Lateral wall movements and earth pressures during anchor stressing

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Apparent Earth Pressure Diagram (contd.)

Lateral wall movements and earth pressures with excavation at lower anchor level
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Apparent Earth Pressure Diagram (contd.)

Lateral wall movements and earth pressures with excavation at design grade.

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Recommended Apparent Earth Pressure Diagram for SANDS

Increase by 1.3 FHWA (1999)

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Calculations of Forces

FHWA (1999)

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Estimated Capacity of Soil Anchors and Bonded Length

Anchor bond lengths for gravity grouted, pressure grouted, post grouted soil anchors are typically 4.5 m 12 m .

Beyond 12 m there is not significant increase in the capacity. The capacity for this case study was reduced by 1.2

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Estimated Capacity of Soil Anchors and Bonded Length

FHWA (1999)
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Check the Design Against Applied Loads

For 1st and 2nd anchor, bonded length = 12 m gave a capacity of 225 kips > 223 kips (i.e calculated anchor load from the recommended earth pressure diagram). For 3rd anchor 8 m and for 4th anchor 6 m bonded length gave sufficient capacity.

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Final Design as per FWHA

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References
Publication No. FHWA-IF-99-015 A Comparative Study Of Pile Anchor Support System For Deep Excavations In Lahore. by Dr Aziz Akbar et. al.

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