Problem-Solving Pupils Version

Bridging the Gap

What Will You Learn ?

Never heard of ratio before? How exactly do you keep numbers in proportion? Whats the difference between ratio, proportion and fractions?

If you work through this slideshow, you will find out that: Ratio and proportion are EASY! Fractions will make more sense too You can work out most of the maths in your head!

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Contents
Slides 5 16: Part 1: Ratio, Proportion & Fractions
What is ratio? What is proportion? Whats the connection? Where do fractions fit in?

Slides 17 26

Part 2:

Simplest Ratios and Proportions

Equivalent ratios. Simplest ratios. Equivalent proportion. Simplest proportions.

Slides 27 44

Part 3:

Recipes & Proportion

How to scale a recipe for 10 people down to 4 people without disaster.

(TO GO TO LINK, HOLD DOWN CONTROL AND CLICK ON YOUR CHOICE)

DOs and DONTs

Working Through DO go as fast or as slow as you like! You can use the mouse or arrow keys to control the speed of the slideshow. DONT try to do it all in one go theres loads of stuff. Working Out You can work a lot of the questions out in your head, -but keep a pen and paper handy.! To START, press F5 To STOP, press ESC

First Thoughts
Theres lots of differences between the classes in your school
Some have more boys than girls Less United fans than Rovers fans

More cat-lovers than dog-lovers

Less pizza-munchers than chicken-dippers

First Thoughts
Form 6A has 30 pupils: Form 6B has 18 pupils:

10 Rovers fans 20 United fans

9 Rovers fans 9 United fans

Youre a Rovers fan. Which class would you rather be in? Discuss and take a class vote.

Did You Pick 6A?

6A: 10 + 20 = 30 6B: 9 + 9 = 18

Rani, a mad Rovers fan, picked 6A:

10 is bigger than 9, so theres more Rovers fans in 6A than 6B. Yey!

Did You Pick 6B?

6A: 10 + 20 = 30 6B: 9 + 9 = 18
1 out of 3 2 to 1 - But other red Rovers fans picked 6B: is a ratio MARTIN SAYS third and half
are fractions
BECKY SAYS: Only one third of 6A Rovers fans. Its one half in 6B. Im not going to 6A - Id be outnumbered 2 United to every 1 Rovers fan!

is a proportion

HANNAH SAYS: 6A only has 10 out of 30 Rovers fans. Thats 1 out of 3.

WhoBut is All answers are correct! - 3right? different sorts of answer. Discuss take a class vote! Whichand do you prefer? Why?

Recap 3 Ways to Compare Numbers

6A only has 10 out of 30 Rovers fans. Thats 1 out of 3. Im not going to 6A. Id be outnumbered 2 to every 1.

Which question is a
Fraction? Ratio? Proportion?

Only one third of 6A Rovers fans. Its one half in 6B.

Whats the Difference - Summing Up: . 3 different ways to 3 different ways to say the same thing compare numbers

1 to every 2 is a Ratio

1 Rovers fan to every 2 United fans The ratio of Rovers to United fans is 1 to 2 The ratio of United to Rovers fans is 2 to 1

Ratios compare PART WITH PART

1 out of 3 is a Proportion
1 out of every 3 fans is a Rovers fan The proportion of Rover fans is 1 out of 3

Proportions compare PART WITH WHOLE Fractions compare PART WITH WHOLE using shorthand such as 1/3

One third is a Fraction

One third of all fans are Rovers fans 1/3 of all fans are Rovers fans

So comparing totals isnt the only way to look at these numbers

Form 6A has 30 pupils: 10 Rovers fans 20 United fans Form 6B has 18 pupils: 9 Rovers fans 9 United fans

You can compare part with part using RATIO

Eg: Rovers : United = 1 to every 2 = 1:2

You can compare part with whole using PROPORTIONS or FRACTIONS

Eg: 1 out of 3 are Rovers fans Eg: 1/3 are Rovers fans

Ratio, Proportion or Fraction?

two out of five two fifths

This is a proportion This is a fraction four tenths four to every ten This is a fraction This is a ratio ten to every four four out of ten This is a ratio This is a proportion 4/10
This is a fraction 4:10

This is a ratio

Ratio, Proportion or Fraction?

3 United fans to every 2 Rangers fans
This is a ratio

9 girls out of 10 use soap

This is a proportion 3 boys out of 10 use deodorant This is a proportion

Ratio, Proportion or Fraction?

3 out of 4 pizza-munchers love olives

This is a proportion
Half of all girls in 6D love History

This is a fraction
One third of all road accidents involve drinking

This is a fraction

Ratio, Proportion or Fraction?

3 out of 4 drivers speed at some time
This is a proportion Three quarters of drivers speed This is a fraction
3 drivers speed to every 1 which does not

This is a ratio

Ratio and Proportion

Ratio and Proportion: Different Words!

Ratio: to every
1 Rovers fan to every 2 United fans

Proportion: out of
1 out of 3 football fans is a Rovers fan

PART 2: Simplest Ratios and Proportions

The dinner queue Ratio of girls to boys?

4 girls to every 8 boys girls : boys = 4 : 8

But the simplest ratio is still 1 : 2 3 girls to every 6 boys

girls : boys = 3 : 6
But the simplest ratio is still 1 : 2

2 girls to every 4 boys

girls : boys = 2 : 4 But the simplest ratio is still 1 : 2 1 girl to every 2 boys girls : boys = 1 : 2 This is the simplest ratio is 1 : 2

The dinner queue

8 boys to every 4 girls boys : girls = 8 : 4

Ratio of boys to girls?

But the simplest ratio is still 2 : 1 6 boys to every 3 girls

boys : girls = 6 : 3
But the simplest ratio is still 2 : 1

4 boys to every 2 girls

boys : girls = 4 : 2 But the simplest ratio is still 2 : 1 2 boys to every 1 girl boys : girls = 2 : 1 This is the simplest ratio is 2 : 1

Simplest ratios
2 : 1 is a simpler ratio than 4 : 2 but They both mean the same 2:1=4:2 Can you explain why 2:1=6:3? 2:1=8:4? 2 : 1 = 100 : 50 ?

The dinner queue What proportion is girls?

4 girls out of 12 Simplest proportion of girls is still 1 out of 3 3 girls out of 9

Simplest proportion of girls is still 1 out of 3 2 girls out of 6

Simplest proportion of girls is still 1 out of 3 1 girl out of 3

This is the simplest proportion of girls = 1 out of 3

The dinner queue What proportion is boys?

Proportion of of boys? 8 boys out 12 Simplestproportion proportionof of Simplest boys? boys is still 2 out of 3

6 boys out of 9 Proportion of boys? Simplest Simplestproportion proportionof of boys is still 2 out of 3 boys?

4 boys out of 6 Proportion of boys? Simplest Simplestproportion proportionof of boys is still 2 out of 3 boys? Proportion of boys? 2 boys out of 3

Simplest proportion of boys?

This is the simplest proportion of boys = 2 out of 3

The dinner queue What fraction is girls?

What fraction 4 / 12is girls?

Simplest of of girls Simplestfraction proportion girls? is still 1/3

3 /is 9 girls? What fraction

Simplest fraction girls Simplest fraction ofof girls? is still 1 / 3

2 /is 6 girls? What fraction Simplest fraction of girls is Simplest fraction of girls? still 1 / 3 1 /is 3 girls? What fraction

This is the simplest Simplest fraction of girls? fraction of girls = 1 / 3

The dinner queue What fraction is boys?

What fraction is boys? 8 / 12 Simplest proportion of is Simplest fraction of boys boys? still 2/3

6 /is 9 boys? What fraction Simplest fraction of boys Simplest fraction of is still 2/3 boys?

4 /is 6 boys? What fraction Simplest fraction of boys Simplest fraction of is still 2/3 boys? 2 /is 3 boys? What fraction This Simplest is the fraction simplest of fraction of boys? boys = 2 / 3

Does order matter?

There are 20 boys and 10 girls in 6D. Which of these are correct? b) girls : boys = 2 : 1 a) boys : girls = 2 : 1 c) boys : girls = 1 : 2 boys : girls = 2 : 1 means 2 boys to every girl Click to check your answer girls : boys = 2 : 1 means 2 girls to every boy ORDER MATTERS! Be careful what you write!

True or Not True?

Ratio of teachers to pupils = 30 : 1 Ratio of fans to players = 1 : 1000 This would mean all the players would be sitting in the stadium! Ratio of weekdays to weekend days = 2 : 5 You wish! Ratio of porridge lovers to pizza guzzlers = 100 : 1 - Not until they invent Porridge Takeaways ..

PART 3: Recipes and Proportion

How to scale a recipe for 10 people down to 4 people without disaster!

Biscuits and Bananas Skins

Enjoy cooking? Check out these fantastic recipes! Some of them need changing to suit the number of people, - But remember to keep them in proportion, - And watch out for the or else

Its supper time! You make a simple omelette like this:

+ 2 eggs +

= 1 teaspoon of butter = 1 omelette

Your omelette tastes amazing! - So of course your mates start turning up. Can you scale up your ingredients to feed them all?

4 ? eggs ? eggs 6 ? eggs 8 ? eggs 10 eggs

+ + + ++

2 ? tsp of butter = 2 omelettes ? tsp of butter = 3 omelettes 3 ? tsp of butter = 4 omelettes 4 ? tsp of butter = 5 omelettes 5

And the next week

+ 2 eggs +

= 1 teaspoon of butter = 1 omelette

words getting around and more mates turn up the next day. Can you scale up your ingredients to feed them?

4 eggs 10 eggs ? eggs 20 eggs ? eggs 22 eggs

+ +

? tsp of butter = 2 ? omelettes 2 ? tsp of butter = 5 ? omelettes 5

++ 10 10tsp tspof ofbutter butter= =10 ? omelettes omelettes + 11tsp tspof ofbutter butter= =11 ? omelettes + 11 omelettes

STEP 1: CHOOSE the maths! RECAP x or ? How did youwork these out?
BIGGER AMOUNTS mean X SMALLER AMOUNTS mean

DO THE SAME X or to ALL ingredients

(This is called keeping it in proportion)

STEP 2: DO the maths!

STEP 3: CHECK the maths!

- using ratio ! Eg: If there are 2 eggs to every 1 tsp butter, the eggs number is ALWAYS twice the butter number.

Hungry for more? Try these recipes

REMEMBER THE 3 STEPS

Recipe for Shortbread Biscuits

Makes 20 shortbread biscuits Ingredients 200g butter 200g plain flour 100g golden caster sugar 100g fine semolina Pre-heat the oven to gas mark 2, 300F (150C). You will also need an 8 in (20 cm) diameter fluted flan tin, 1 in (3 cm) deep with a loose base.

10 Mouth-watering Shortbread Biscuits!

This is recipe for 20 STEP 1: the Choose the maths! x or ? BIGGER means X

- using ratio. Eg: The weight of the butter STEP 2: Do the maths! Remember to keep your recipe in proportion if halve the the sugar, isyou always 2 times weight SMALLER means DO THE SAME X or to of the sugar. remember to halve the rest as well or it wont taste good! ALL ingredients

STEP the 3: CHECK the maths! biscuits. Can you scale down recipe for 10?

400g
flour

+ 400g
butter

+ 200g
sugar

200g
semolina

20 biscuits

? 2

? 2

? 2

? 2

? 2
10 biscuits

200g
flour

+ 200g
butter

+ 100g
sugar

100g
semolina

STEP 1: CHOOSE the maths! CHOOSE FROM x or RECAP BIGGER means X SMALLER means

3 Steps for Scaling

STEP 2: DO the maths!

DO THE SAME X or to ALL ingredients

STEP 3: CHECK the maths! - using ratio. Eg: If the weight of the butter is always 2 times the weight of the sugar

 Nirmal makes 2 shortbread biscuits

Nirmal
Mistake in STEP 1: Choose the maths! scaled down the for 2 biscuits, CHOOSE FROM + recipe - his x working Check out but BIGGER means X SMALLER means he scale down correctly and keep BUT Nirmal did X 10 instead of 10 the

they dont taste right!

Did

Then click to see if youre right

recipe in proportion?

400g
flour

+ 400g
butter

+ 200g
sugar

200g
semolina

20 20 biscuits biscuits

10 ? x10

10 x? 10

10 x? 10

10 x? 10

10

x? 10

40 gg 4000
flour

20 gg + 2000 20 gg 40 gg + 2000 + 4000

butter sugar
semolina

2 WHAT 200 DIFFERENCE biscuits BISCUITS DID THE INSTEAD OF MISTAKE 2! MAKE?

STEP 1: CHOOSE the maths! CHOOSE FROM x or RECAP BIGGER means X SMALLER means

3 Steps for Scaling

STEP 2: DO the maths!

DO THE SAME X or to ALL ingredients

STEP 3: CHECK the maths! - using ratio. Eg: If the weight of the butter is always 2 times the weight of the sugar

 Liana makes 5 shortbread biscuits

Check her2: working outbut they dont taste right! Mistake inrecipe STEP Do maths! Liana scaled down the for 5the biscuits,
Did she scale correctly keep theright recipe in proportion? Thendown click to seeand if youre
DO THE SAME X or to ALL ingredients BUT Liana did not do 2 to the sugar.

400g
flour

+ 400g
butter

+ 200g
sugar

200g
semolina

20 biscuits

4 4 4

?4
5 WHAT THE DIFFERENCE biscuits BISCUITS DID THE WERE TOO MISTAKE SWEET! MAKE?

100 g
flour

+ 100 g
butter

g 50 g + 100
sugar

50 g
semolina

STEP 1: CHOOSE the maths! CHOOSE FROM x or RECAP BIGGER means X SMALLER means

3 Steps for Scaling

STEP 2: DO the maths!

DO THE SAME X or to ALL ingredients

STEP 3: CHECK the maths! - using ratio. Eg: If the weight of the butter is always 2 times the weight of the sugar

Further Practical Examples

Recipe No.1 Melon Merenga

Serves 8 people Ingredients 300 g raspberries 200 g bananas 100 g melon Method Place ingredients in a juicer and switch on power for 30 seconds. Pour and serve with ice or ice-cream.

STEP 1: Choose the maths! x or ? BIGGER means X SMALLER means

2:missing Do the maths! Can you work outSTEP the amounts?

DO THE SAME X or to ALL ingredients

STEP 3: CHECK the maths! - using ratio. Eg: The bananas weight is ALWAYS twice the melons weight.

600 g +

400 g +

200 g

Melon Merenga for 8

? g g + 200 ? g g + 100 ? gg = 300 ? g g + 100 ? gg + 150 ? gg + 75 ? g 50 g ? g 50 g

= = =

General Method: 1) Work out the recipe for 1. 2) Multiply by the Melon number you need Merenga for 2

Melon Merenga for 4

? g + 25 g

? g g + 300 ? gg + 150 ? gg 450

Melon Shortcut: You can work this out Merenga for 1 1) Work out from the from the quantities quantities 2 for 1 person,for BUT people. Can you see a Melon 2) X 3shortcut? Merenga for 6 (easier than X6)

Further Practical Examples

Recipe No.2 Raspberry Fruitloop
(Same ingredients. Different amounts)

Serves 10 people
Ingredients 500 g raspberries 250 g bananas 150 g melon Method Place ingredients in a juicer and switch on power for 30 seconds. Pour and serve with fresh raspberries

STEP 1: Choose the maths! x or ? BIGGER means X SMALLER means

2:missing Do the maths! Can you work outSTEP the amounts?

DO THE SAME X or to ALL ingredients

STEP 3: CHECK the maths! - using ratio. Eg: The raspberries weight is ALWAYS twice the melons weight.

500 g + ? gg + 250 ?50 gg

250 g + ? gg 125 ? 25 g ? gg 100 ? gg 200

150 g

= = = = =

Raspberry Fruitloop for 10

+ + + +

? 75 g g ? 15 g ? 60 g g ? gg 120

Raspberry Fruitloop for 5 General Method: 1) Work out the recipe for 1. Raspberry 2) Multiply by the Fruitloop for 1 number you need

? gg + 200 ? gg + 400

Shortcut: Raspberry 1) Work out this from You can work out Fruitloop for 4 from the the quantities quantities for 1 person, BUT for 4 people. Can you see any 2) Just double it! Raspberry shortcuts? (Easier than X8) Fruitloop for 8

Further Practical Examples

Recipe No.3 Bombastic Banana Boat
(Same ingredients. Different amounts)

Serves 12 people
Ingredients 120 g raspberries 600 g bananas 120 g melon Method Place ingredients in a juicer and switch on power for 30 seconds. Pour into a scooped out melon half . Serve with fresh raspberries

STEP 1: Choose the maths! x or ? BIGGER means X SMALLER means

2:missing Do the maths! Can you work outSTEP the amounts?

DO THE SAME X or to ALL ingredients

STEP 3: CHECK the maths! - using ratio. Eg: The weight of bananas is always 5 times the weight of the melon.

120 g + ? 60 g g ?40 gg ? 10 g g ? 80 g g

600 g + ? g 300 g ? g 200 g ? 50 g g

120 g

= = = = =

Banana Boat for 12

+ + +

+ + + +

? 60 g g ? 40 g g ? 10 g g ? g 80 g

Banana Boat for 6

Banana Boat for 4

General Method: 1) Work out the recipe for 1. 2) Multiply by the number you need Shortcut:

Banana Boat for 1

? g + 400 g

Banana Boat for 8

You can work this out 1) Work out from from the quantities quantities for 1the person, BUT foryou 4 people. Can see a 2) Just double it! shortcut?

(Easier than X8)

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