3.

3 Analysing Electromagnetic Induction

introduction
An electric current can produce a magnetic field. The reverse is also possible; a magnetic field can be used to produce electricity. Electromagnetic induction is the complementary phenomenon to electromagnetism. Besides producing a magnetic field from electricity, we also can produce electricity from a magnetic field.

Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction is the production of an electric current by a changing magnetic field (magnetic flux). The induced current is produced only when there is relative motion between the conductor/coil and the magnetic field lines (magnetic flux). or Electromagnetic Induction is the production of an

electromotive force (e.m.f) in a conductor when there is relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic field.

 Current is produced in a conductor when it is moving through a magnetic field. Another way of generating current in a conductor is by placing the conductor in a changing magnetic field. The process of generating current in these way is called induction because there is no physical contact between conductor and magnet. The current is said to be induced in the conductor by the magnetic field.

 The relative motion of a conductor across a magnetic field can be produced by: (a) moving a straight wire quickly across a magnetic field between two flat magnets.

 (b) Moving a permanent magnet towards one end of

a solenoid.

Each time the straight wire cuts across the magnetic field, or the permanent magnet moves towards the solenoid, a current is induced in the coil and a deflection is observed in the sensitive galvanometer. This current is called induced current. The electromotive force that is produced is called the induced e.m.f.

Faradays Law
Faradays Law states that the magnitude of the induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux experienced by the conductor.

 The magnitude of the e.m.f. increases when :

a) The wire is moved faster b) A stronger magnet is used c) The length of the wire in the magnetic field is increased

Current Generator
A generator or dynamo used to produced electrical energy. Current generator functions by converting mechanical energy to electrical energy. Current generator works based on electromagnetic induction and uses the Flemings Right hand rule. Current generator is divided into: direct current generator and alternate current generator.

A simple D.C generator essentially by the converse of D.C motor with its battery removed and replaced with a galvanometer.

Commutator: reverses the connections of the coil with the external circuit after every half cycle, so that the current in the outside circuit always flows in the same direction.

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