ALINEACIN
DEFINICIN: El proceso por el cual el vehculo y todos las llantas estn viajando en la misma direccin. Desempea un papel importante en
Tire performance Reducing Tire Costs Vehicle handling Driver control Improving fuel economy Component life
8 Components of Alignment
CASTER CAMBER KING PIN INCLINATION TOE ACKERMAN ANGLE TURNING RADIUS AXLE PARALLELISM (thrust and scrub) AXLE SETBACK
AXLE
MISALIGNMENT
1. Drive axle misalignment most frequent 2. Trailer misalignment 2nd most frequent
Gives directional stability Decrease susceptibility to crosswinds Helps offset effects of road crown
CASTER PROBLEMS
INSUFFICIENT CASTER
Reduces stability Vehicle wanders
EXCESSIVE CASTER
Increases steering effort
INCORRECT CAMBER
Kingpin Inclination working together with camber angle are called Included Angle. Included Angle puts the approximate center of the tire tread in contact with the road. Kingpin Inclination has the effect of reducing steering effort and improves directional stability.
Preferred tolerance is 1 degree from side to side. Can be used to help determine if an axle or spindle is bent.
Necessary to compensate for tendency of wheels to deflect rearward when loaded or in motion.
Goal - zero toe when loaded and in motion Incorrect toe shows up as feathering of tread on both ends of axle - greatest tire wear problem
Preferred Specs. For radial tires are .03 to .07 (1/32 to 1/16) toe-in.
A feather or saw tooth edge pointing outward will indicate a toe-out problem.
A feather or saw tooth edge pointing inward will indicate excessive toe-in
Preferred Tolerance +/- 2 deg. for Over the road and +/- 1 deg. For city Note: readings from left to right should be within 1 degree. Correction: replace ackerman arm
AXLE SETBACK
AXLE PARALLELISM All axles should be perpendicular to the frame and parallel with each other (Steer, drive, and trailer)
The rear axles are what determine the direction the vehicle is going to travel.
Rear axle misalignment result in excessive tire wear on front and rear axles.
Thrust Angle - axles not perpendicular to frame but are parallel to each other.
Scrub Angle - Axles NOT perpendicular to the frame and not parallel to each other. Constant pull in one direction Need to continually steer against pull Drives scrub as vehicle is forced to go straight Also affects steer tires
EFFECT: Bump steer or directional change - steering stability - no set wear pattern
Side Sway
Kenworth says if the frame is bent laterally enough to cause tire wear and handling issues then the frame rails must be replaced. If someone were to try and correct the frame then Side Sway should be corrected first.
SIDE SWAY
Frame is bent to the side.
Sag
Kenworth says that if bent, Frame rails should be replaced- not repaired.
SAG
The frame is bent down in the middle.
If someone were trying to correcting a bent frame rail then Sag would be corrected after side sway and before a Twist or Diamond
Twist
Twist is generally caused by bent cross members. Locate the strongest Cross members (from back of cab to back of frame) they are the ones that usually hold in the twist
Twist normally will show up in the front because of lighter springs but is actually held in the back.
TWIST
The vehicles front end rolls to one side and the rear rolls to the opposite end.
Diamond
Caused by bent Cross members. Occurs most often today when a vehicle is hit directly on the frame rail front or rear or most likely if the vehicle has been towed or pulled on one frame rail.
DIAMOND
One frame rail has moved ahead of the other frame rail.
TRUCK ALIGNMENT
RENTON ASSEMBLY PLANT
ALLWHEELALIGNMENT
ZERO TO FRAME
LATERAL OFFSET
INSTALL HEADS
RUNOUT COMPENSATION
SCRUB ANGLE
ADJUST BRAKES