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BI1004 BW Reporting - v1.

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BW Reporting
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BW Reporting
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Purpose
Reporting, analysis, and interpretation of business data is of central importance to an organization in guaranteeing its competitive edge, optimizing processes, and enabling it to react quickly and in line with the market.
SAP BW Reporting is a analyzing tool which supports decision making in an organization.

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Use
BW reporting is based on multidimensional data sources which makes it possible to analyze data based on multiple dimensions. BW reporting facilitates trend analysis of historic and current data at different level of details and perspectives. BW reports can be accessed via Web and in MS Excel. BW reports can be used by a large spectrum of users at different locations as per their roles.

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Challenges
To effectively design queries and reports meeting clients business requirements. Design optimized reports which executes in a acceptable time frame. Creation of a global report satisfying needs of users performing same role across the globe.

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BW Architecture Layers

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Introduction to BEx Reporting


Business Explorer (BEx) is the SAP BW component that provides flexible reporting and analysis tools. It enables end users to locate reports, view reports, and analyze information. Reports can be displayed using MS Excel and can also be published on web using BEx tools. It consists of the four tools for analysis and reporting activities.
BEx Query Designer To create queries BEx Analyser To modify queries BEx Browser To organize queries BEx Web Application Designer To display queries on Web and create web applications

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BEx Query Designer


It is used to design queries on InfoProviders according to the clients requirements. The Query Designer is divided into six sub areas.
Directory tree of the selected InfoProvider Columns Rows Free Characteristics Filters Preview

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BEx Query Designer


Toolbar Filter Free characteristics

Columns

Directory tree for selected InfoProvider Rows

Preview

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BEx Query Designer


Directory tree of the selected InfoProvider
This section contains key figures and characteristics (grouped in dimensions) of the InfoProvider on which query is being created.

Columns
Usually Key indicators to be analyzed will be taken in columns.

Rows
The characteristics on which the key indicators to be measured will be taken in rows.

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BEx Query Designer


Free Characteristics
Free characteristics can be used to drill down or drill across the report as required. They don't appear when the report is originally executed, but the user has the ability to use the free characteristics to slice and dice the data further.

Filters
Filter selection has a restricting effect on the entire query.

Preview
This area gives a preview of the query results area.

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Sample BEx Query

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BEx Toolbar

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Elements of BEx Queries


BEx query designer provides several components which can be used for designing queries.
Structures Restricted Key figure Calculated Key figure New Selection

New Formula
Variables

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Elements of BEx Queries


Some of the query elements can be reused in queries which are based on the same InfoProviders. The reusable query elements are:
Variables Restricted key figures Calculated key figures

Structures can be defined for reuse.

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Structures
A structure forms the basic framework of the axes rows or columns in a query. It consists of structural components like characteristics, keyfigures, formulas and selections. Set up of the structure determines the sequence and number of key figures or characteristic values in the columns and rows of the query.
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Structures
Within a query definition you can use either no structures or a maximum of two structures. Of these, only one can be a key figure structure. You can combine structures freely with other characteristics on the axes. Structure can be defined as local or reusable.

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Restricted Key figures


Key figures of an InfoProvider can be restricted for reuse by selecting one or more characteristics, these are called as restricted key figures. The key figures that are restricted by one or more characteristic selections can be basic key figures, calculated key figures, or key figures that are already restricted. By using restricted key figure query result can be focused on certain value or range of values of the characteristic. Restricted Key figures can be used as reusable objects for all queries in an Info Provider.
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Restricted Key figures


When selecting value ranges for the characteristics, the following options are available:
Between Greater than or equal to Less than or equal to Greater than Less than

You can include values in the selection or exclude values from the selection by selecting these options in the context menu of the relevant filter.

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Calculated Key figures


Calculated Key figures are used for performing complicated calculations on key figures for information analysis. Calculated key figures consist of formula definitions containing basic key figures, restricted key figures or calculated key figures.

Calculated Key figures can be used as reusable objects for all queries in an InfoProvider.

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Calculated Key figures


The functions available for creation of Calculated Key figures are:
Data Functions Percentage Functions Mathematical Functions Trigonometric Functions Boolean Functions

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Calculated Key figures


Important Percentage Functions:
Percentage Variance (%): <operand1> % <operand2> - Gives the percentage variance of operand1 from operand2.

Percentage Share (%A):


<operand1> %A <operand2> - Gives the percentage share of operand1 from operand2.

Percentage Share of Result (%CT):


%CT <operand> - Specifies how high the percentage share is in relation to result.

Percentage Share of Overall Result (%GT):


%GT <operand> - Specifies how high the percentage share is in relation to overall result.
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Calculated Key figures


Important Data Functions
COUNT(<Expression>): Delivers value 1 if the <Expression> is <>0, Otherwise 0. NDIV0(x): Is equal to 0 with division by 0, otherwise x. NODIM(<Expression>): Delivers purely numerical values of <Expression>, suppresses units and currencies. SUMCT<operand>: Delivers the result of operand in all rows or columns. SUMGT<operand>: Delivers the overall result of operand. SUMRT<operand>: Delivers the report result of operand.
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Calculated Key figures


Important Mathematical and Trigonometric Functions
Maximum Minimum Absolute Value Sine Cosine Is less than (<) Is greater than (>) Is not equal to (<>) Is less than or equal to (<=) Is greater than or equal to (>=) Logical NOT,AND,OR,XOR

Boolean Operations

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Key figure Properties


Display Section
Use Highlighting to highlight a key figure Hide options can be used to hide a key figure

Number Format
Scaling factor can be used incase of high value of a key figure Number of decimal places

Calculations
For Result For Single Value

Currency Translation
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Characteristics Properties
Display As : Options available are Key, Text, Key and Text, Text and Key and No Display. Display of Results : Options for supressing results and normalization. Display Hierarchy : Options for hierarchy display Sort Order : Options for sorting characteristics.
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New Selection
New Selection can be used for characteristics, key figures or for creating local restricted key figures. They can be created on structures.

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New Formula
Formula allow arithmetic operations to be defined using one or more basic key figures or formula variables or calculated key figures. New Formula can be defined only on structure elements

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New Formula

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Variables
Variables are parameters of a query that are filled with values only when you execute the query or Web application. They serve as place holders for characteristic values, hierarchies, hierarchy nodes, texts and formula elements, and can be processed in different ways. The processing type determines how a variable is filled with a value for the runtime of the query or Web application. Variables are reusable objects, if we create a variable for a characteristic infoobject we can use that variable in all the InfoProviders that use this characteristic.

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Variable Types
There are different types of variables depending on the object for which the variable is defined as placeholder. Types of variables are:
- Characteristic value variables
Characteristics value variables are used to select values of characteristics in the query at runtime. Variables can be used to select single values and value ranges.

- Hierarchy variables
Hierarchy variables represent hierarchies and can be used wherever hierarchies can be selected.

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Variable Types
- Hierarchy Node Variables
Hierarchy node variables represent a node in a hierarchy and can be used wherever hierarchy nodes are used.

- Text variables
Text variables represent a text and can be used in descriptions of queries, calculated key figures and structural components.

- Formula variables
Formula variables represent numerical values and can be used in formulas. Numerical values are used for selecting exceptions and conditions and one can also use formula variables here.

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Variable Processing Types


The processing type of a variable determines how a variable is filled with a value at runtime.

The following processing types are available:


- Manual Entry/Default Value

- Replacement Path
- Customer Exit

- SAP Exit
- Authorizations
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Conditions
Conditions can be formulated in the query designer to make data analysis more efficient. On defining condition, the data in the query is filtered accordingly so that only the part of the results area that you are interested in is displayed. With the help of conditions, we can analyze combinations of characteristics using ranked lists. Example: Displaying ten best customers by sales revenue. We can define multiple conditions for a query, and then activate or deactivate them in the report itself to create different views of the data.
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Conditions
Example: The sales department wants the flexibility to restrict a report so that only Top 10 materials as per Gross Sales are displayed.

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Exceptions
Exception function in reporting enables you to select and highlight unusual deviations of key figure values in a query. The exception reporting function allows users to detect variances early on, thus giving a chance to react effectively and immediately. The results that vary from defined threshold values and interval are marked in different colors in the worksheet so you can identify them instantly.

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Exceptions
Gross sales below 1000$ is Bad, between 1000$ and 5000$ is Medium and sales 5000$ above is Good.

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Cell Editor
Cell Editor is used when complex calculations are needed to be performed, and it cannot be accomplished by restricted and calculated key figures. It gets enabled only if the query definition contains two structures.

Cell-specific definitions allow you to define explicit formulas, along with implicit cell definition, and selection conditions for cells and in this way, to override implicitly created cell values.
Help on cells can be defined via Cell Editor .

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Cell Editor
Cell is the intersection between two structural components. The formulas or selection conditions that you define for a cell always take effect at the intersection between two structural components. For each cell you can define a custom selection, a custom formula, or a custom cell definition.

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Query Properties
Various settings for query can be performed in the Query Properties dialog box.

The Query Properties dialog box is divided into tab pages, each tab page offers different settings.

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Query Properties
Tab Pages
General
This gives information about the technical name of the query, the InfoProvider that it is based on, owner, and the person who last changed the query. One can also specify the sequence in which variables appear on the selection screen.

Display
This tab page is divided into two areas: One for the display options and the other for the number format.

Extended
If data is to be evaluated using third party tools, the OLE DB for OLAP setting can be done in this tab.

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Sample BEx Report

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Navigation in Reports
Context Menu allows to navigate in different ways within report and offers various functions depending on the cell context by using right mouse button in BEx.

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Navigation in Reports
The following functions can be performed using context menu:
Keep filter value: Results of the report can be restricted to filter value. Select filter value: The system provides all possible values for a particular characteristic. One can select one or more values from this value set in the Query. Filter and drilldown according to: To set a characteristic at certain value and at the same time drilldown on the same axis.

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Navigation in Reports
Other available functions:
Swap axes: If characteristics are in the rows and Key figures in the columns you can choose swap axes to have Key figures displayed in the rows and characteristics in the columns. Fix Filter Value to Axis: Choose Fix Filter Value to Axis if you only want to see data for one characteristic value and want the characteristic value to continue to appear in the drilldown. Go to: You can use the Goto function to reach documents and detailed level reports using report to report to interface.

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Query Views
A query view is a Picture of a query that saves any formatting done to the query. Examples of formatting would be hiding key figures from the initial display of the report or the generation of exceptions and conditions. One can define one or more query views for a query.

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Workbooks
Workbooks are used to combine different queries. On inserting a query in a workbook, a link is made between the cell areas of the worksheet and the data of the InfoProvider upon which the query is based. When inserting a query into the workbook, a VBA routine is automatically generated in the workbook. Business Explorer can also be connected with custom VBA programs (Visual Basic for Applications). Workbook templates can contain pre-determined items for the area of the query, formatting settings, logos, VBA macros, and so on.

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BEx Browser
BEx Browser is used for organizing reports, workbooks and other documents. You can access all workbooks and other documents that are assigned to you using your roles.
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Introduction to Web Reporting


The Web Application Designer (WAD) is the front end application provided by SAP to create and modify web templates in order to display your query on the web. A Web Template is essentially HTML code which contains some special SAP BW objects & tags in order to display various Web items provided by SAP. The WAD provides drag & drop functionality for all standard Web items and also allows the user to set the behavior & properties of these web items through a graphical interface.
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Introduction to Web Reporting


The default template used for displaying queries on the web is 0ADHOC. You can set your own template and use it as the default template.
Properties Work Area
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Web Items Work Area

Template Work Area

Web Report

Tool bar

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Introduction to BEx Reporting


Path to BEx Components
To navigate from the front-end use the windows start menu: (Start>Programs>Business Explorer)

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Creating a New Query


Step1: In Query Designer, click on create

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Creating a New Query

Step 2: Select InfoProvider on which you want to create a query and click Create

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Creating a New Query


Step 3: Design a Query by drag & drop of characteristics and keyfigures to rows and columns

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Creating a New Query


Step 4: Save the query

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Executing a Query

Step 1: Select the query

Step 2: Click on OK

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Executing a Query
Step 3: Give Inputs to the variables

Step 4: Click on Execute

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BEx Report

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Modify an Existing Query


Goto BEx Analyser (Start>Programs>Business Explorer>Analyzer)

Step1: Select queries tab

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Modify an Existing Query

Step2: Select InfoAreas tab

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Modify an Existing Query

Step3: Select query and click on change

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Modify an Existing Query

Step4: Make the required changes. Modify, Save and Execute the query

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Opening a Query
History

Favorites

Roles
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InfoAreas

Elements of BEx Queries


Structures

Restricted Key figure


Calculated Key figure

New Selection
New Formula

Variables
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Creating Structures

Step 1: Right Click on Columns and select New Structure

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Creating Structures
Step 3: Specify technical name and description. Click OK.

Step 2: Right Click on Structure and select Properties


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Creating Restricted Key figure

Step 1: Right Click on Key Figures section to create a New Restricted Keyfigure

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Creating Restricted Key figure

Step 2: Select the required Keyfigure and characteristic value for restriction. Specify description and Click OK.

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Creating Restricted Key figure


Step 3: Give technical name and select appropriate properties. Click OK.

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Creating Restricted Key figure


Step4 :Created Restricted Keyfigure can be seen here. Drag and drop them to the query.

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Creating Calculated Key figure


Step 1: Right Click on Key Figures section to create a New Calculated Keyfigure

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Creating Calculated Key figure

Step 2: Select the required Keyfigures and necessary operators for calculations and provide description. Finally, Click OK.
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Creating Calculated Key figure


Step3 : Created calculated Keyfigure can be seen here. Drag and drop them to the query.

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Creating New Selections

Step 1: Right Click on Structure and select New Selection

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Creating New Selections

Step 2: Drag and drop the characteristic and Click OK

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Creating New Formula

Step 1: Right Click on Structure and select New Formula

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Creating New Formula


Step 2: Select key figures (amongst Structure elements) and create formula. Click OK

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Creating Variables

Step 1: Right click on characteristic and select Restrict

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Creating Variables

Step 2: Goto Variables tab and choose New variable

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Creating Variables

Step3: Click Next

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Creating Variables

Step 4: Give variable name, Description and Processing type and click Next

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Creating Variables

Step 5: Select variable type and variable entry and click Next

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Creating Variables

Step 6: Enter Default value (if required) and click Next

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Creating Variables

Step 7: Click Finish to Save variable

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Creating Variables

Step 8: Select the created variable to right panel and click OK

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Creating Conditions

Step1: Select New Condition

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Creating Conditions
Step 2: Click to create new Condition

Step1 : Enter the description of new Condition

Step3 :Select Keyfigure

Step4 :Enter Operator

Step5 :Enter the value to be checked

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Creating Exceptions

Step 1: Select New Exception

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Creating Exceptions
Step2 : Enter the description Step 3: Click to create New Exception

Step6 : Transfer

Step4 :Give value range


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Step5 :Select Alert Level

Creating Exceptions
Step7 : Goto Validity area of Exception tab Step8 : Select All

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Creating Exceptions

Alert Level RED for price greater than 50

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Creating Views

Step 1: Make necessary drilldowns

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Creating Views

Step 2: Click on Save view global

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Creating Views

Step 3: Give View title and name

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Creating Views

Step4: You can see the saved view here

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Creating Workbooks
Step 1: Click on save as new workbook

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Creating Workbooks

Step 2: Give description of workbook

Step 3: Click on Save

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Inserting Query in Workbooks

Step 1: Go to Sheet 2 in already created workbook

Step 2: Click on insert Query

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Inserting Query in Workbooks

Step 3: Select the query which you want to insert in a Workbook

Step 4: Click OK

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Inserting Query in Workbooks

Step 5: Give inputs

Step 6: Click on Execute

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Inserting Query in Workbooks

Step 7: Select Save existing workbook

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Workbooks

Step8 :You can see the created workbook here

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LetMe

Create a new query using Query Designer. Include few characteristics in Rows and Free Characteristics. Select a characteristic in Filter section and filter on certain value of the characteristic. Create User Entry variables for few characteristics. Create new Restricted and Calculated Key figures. Include key figures, calculated key figures and restricted key figures in columns. Set relevant properties for key figures and characteristics. Create sample Conditions and Exceptions. Set appropriate Query Properties and Execute query.
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Additional Information
Customer Exit variables are used incase Standard SAP variables are not available. We can use customer exit variables in cases where based on users input certain calculations needs to be performed or column heading name should change dynamically. Steps for creation of Customer exit variables are:
Create a variable of type Customer Exit. Goto CMOD transaction. Enter project name and select Component. Select EXIT_SAPLRRS0_001. Write logic in ABAP for populating above customer exit variable.

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Additional Information
I_STEP is used in Customer exit to handle the variables. Following are the possible values of I_STEP on which variables are processed.
I_STEP = 1 : Call takes place before processing of variable pop-up and gets called for every variable of processing type Customer Exit. This step should be used to fill variable with default values. I_STEP = 2 : Call takes place after variable entry. This step is only started up when the same variable is not input ready and could not be filled at I_STEP=1. I_STEP = 3 : In this call, you can check the values of the variables. It is called after all variable processing and gets called only once and not per variable.

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HelpMe
Browse through the below links for Self Study

1.

2.

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/5b/30 d43b0527a17be10000000a114084/frameset.htm http://service.sap.com/bi

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