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  • Buses: Characteristics, Types & Uses

    Diunggah oleh

    Anmol Hamid
    33 tayangan15 halaman
    Buses are collections of wires that allow multiple devices to communicate over a single connection. There are two main types of buses: point-to-point buses which connect only two devices directly, and multipoint buses which allow many devices to connect to a shared connection. In a computer, common buses include the data bus which transfers data between the CPU and other components, the address bus which carries memory and I/O addresses from the CPU, and the control bus which coordinates activities using signals like read, write, and clock.

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    computer organization

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    CA Lec#Buses

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    Buses are collections of wires that allow multiple devices to communicate over a single connection. There are two main types of buses: point-to-point buses which connect only two devices directly, and multipoint buses which allow many devices to connect to a shared connection. In a computer, common buses include the data bus which transfers data between the CPU and other components, the address bus which carries memory and I/O addresses from the CPU, and the control bus which coordinates activities using signals like read, write, and clock.

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    33 tayangan15 halaman

    Buses: Characteristics, Types & Uses

    Diunggah oleh

    Anmol Hamid
    Buses are collections of wires that allow multiple devices to communicate over a single connection. There are two main types of buses: point-to-point buses which connect only two devices directly, and multipoint buses which allow many devices to connect to a shared connection. In a computer, common buses include the data bus which transfers data between the CPU and other components, the address bus which carries memory and I/O addresses from the CPU, and the control bus which coordinates activities using signals like read, write, and clock.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PPT, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 15

    Buses

    Characteristics, Types & Uses.

    Buses Common Characteristics

    Multiple devices communicating over a single set of wires Only one device can talk at a time or the message is confused Each line or wire of a bus can at any one time contain a single binary digit. Over time, however, a sequence of binary digits may be transferred These lines may and often do send information in parallel A computer system may contain a number of different buses

    Buses Structure

    Serial versus parallel Around 50-100 lines although it's possible to have as few as 3 or 4 Lines can be classified into one of four groups

    Data lines Address Lines Control Lines Power

    Physical Implementations

    Parallel lines on circuit boards (ISA or PCI) Ribbon cables (IDE)

    Physical Implementations (continued)

    Strip connectors on mother boards (PC104) External cabling (USB or Firewire)

    Buses

    Definition: a collection of wires with a common purpose Each wire is called a line Typically, buses carry information from one place to another

    bus

    Printer
    Mouse Keyboard Ports

    Disk controller

    Modem
    CPU RAM

    Graphics card
    Sound card Network card

    Monitor

    Speakers

    Computer

    Types of Buses

    Point-to-point
    Serial port Modem

    Control unit

    ALU

    Types of Buses

    Multipoint
    Computer
    Computer

    Computer CPU Disk controller

    Computer

    Memory
    Video controller

    Point-to-point vs. Multipoint

    Point-to-point and multipoint refer to signaling propagation Point-to-point Signal from a source is reachable by only one node. Multipoint Many nodes can sense the same signal from a source. Point-to-point requires a dedicated connection directly linked between two nodes Host should have one connector for each devices Multipoint can share single connection from host Devices may attach directly to a share bus or through HUBs

    Point-to-point vs. Multipoint

    Point-to-point

    Multipoint

    Each connection must have a dedicated circuit Speed on a connection can differ from the others Defected devices cannot interfere others More expensive if we want to connect to many devices

    Devices usually share same connection from host All devices should synchronize to each other A defected device can make the whole system malfunction Cheaper to increase the number of device connected to a system

    Buses Inside a Computer


    Data bus Address bus Control bus CPU

    I/O Module
    Memory

    Motherboard
    Many configurations possible

    I/O Device

    Data Bus

    Carries data between the CPU and memory or I/O devices Bi-directional

    Data transferred out of the CPU for write operations Data transferred into the CPU for read operations

    Typical sizes: 8, 16, 32, 64 lines Signal names:

    D0, D1, D2, D3, etc.

    Address Bus

    Carries an address from the CPU to Memory or I/O devices Unidirectional

    The address is always supplied by the CPU


    (There is one exception to this, which well discuss later.)

    Typical sizes: 16, 20, 24 lines Signal names:

    A0, A1, A2, A3, etc.

    Control Bus

    Collection of signals for coordinating CPU activities Each signal has a unique purpose Typical sizes: 10-20 lines Signals are output, input, or bi-directional Typical signals

    /RD (read) /WR (write) CLK (clock) /IRQ (interrupt request) etc.

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