K. Madhavan, Ph.D., P.E., Dept. of Civil & Env. Engineering Christian Brothers University Memphis, TN, 38104
Geotechnical Courses
Required Courses - CE 322 Geotechnical Engineering - CE 322L Geotech Lab
- CE 340 Design of Foundations Elective Course - CE 418 Advanced Design of Foundations
Motivation
Technical Issues Brings together all principles & applications including from other required/elective courses Opportunities to discuss professional and ethical issues Perhaps students understand materials better (connecting concepts with applications)
Project Data
Site was an old sand & gravel dredging area around 1900s A clay cap was in place 23 acre site Four buildings (one & two storey140,000 sq. ft.) on pile foundations Buildings were on monotube piles
Construction Details
A gas collection system was installed in a sand layer above the waste Numerous obstructions were encountered while driving the piles Utilities were grade supported Monotube piles were filled with concrete
Structural Details
All buildings had structural floor slabs Floor beams supported by piles and one-way slabs Superstructures were of steel frames with exterior metal sheathing
Cracks on floors and walls, floor sloped Methane gas inflow in buildings Buildings Differential settlements up to 18 inches Parking area settled as much as 3 ft Buried utilities were affected Large amount of asphalt added to pavement
Geotechnical Investigations
Remediation
Use of minipiles to underpin and relevel the buildings Use of driven piles to support the outside structures (lamp posts, access ramps) Use of design-build contract Use of best value concept in awarding the contract
Analysis of Failure
Possible reasons: Pile Foundation System - Pile installation monitoring - use of proper pile wall thickness - depth of piles (obstructions) - Negative skin friction (excessive ) - No provision to minimize it - The negative skin friction may have added to the load applied at bearing
Analysis Contd
Gas Collection System - at a landfill site was a poor choice Construction of the gas collection system on grade - water main breaking and washing out part of the sand layer gas collection system
Geotechnical Concepts
Problems in building at landfill sites Total and differential settlements Negative skin friction (means of reducing) Providing proper gas collection system Construction control & monitoring Design-build concept Performance oriented specifications
References
ASCEs Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities ASCEs Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice J. Feld & K.L. Cooper, Construction Failure, Second Edition, 1997, John Wiley & Sons.
Questions?
Comments?
Installation of Minipiles
From the floor surface, holes (7dia) were drilled through the beams up to the desired depth 4 diameter pipes were inserted The smaller pipe was twisted and pulled out for a short distance and concrete grout was injected
Installation Contd
The smaller pipe was withdrawn and high strength steel casing was inserted For piles at locations other than through the existing monotube piles, 12 diameter monotube pile was driven and similar minipile was constructed
Installation Contd
After the pile has reached its design strength, the floor was lifted using the pile as a reaction pile The piles were connected to the beams and the original monotube piles were cut off.
Pile Testing
Four monotube piles were load tested and the ultimate capacity was 150 Tons Two other 12 diameter pipe piles were tested and the ultimate capacity was 200 Tons.