ATOM-An atom is the smallest unit that maintains the characteristics of an element
Nucleus- The center of the atom, contains protons and neutrons Electron Cloud Region surrounding the nucleus containing the electrons
ELEMENT- A chemical substance that is composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the nucleus
The Atom
The Atom
Nucleus
Protons Neutrons
Chorus: They are so small. (Snap, snap) Theyre round like a ball. (Snap, snap) They make up the air. Theyre everywhere. Cant see them at all. (Snap, snap) Chorus: They are so small. (Snap, snap) Theyre round like a ball. (Snap, snap) They make up the air. Theyre everywhere. Cant see them at all. (Snap, snap) 1st Verse: Theyre tiny and theyre teeny, Much smaller than a beany, They never can be seeny, The Atoms Family.
2nd Verse: Together they make gases, And liquids like molasses, And all the solid masses, The Atoms Family
Chorus: They are so small. (Snap, snap) Theyre round like a ball. (Snap, snap) They make up the air. Theyre everywhere. Cant see them at all. (Snap, snap) 3rd Verse: Neutrons can be found, Where protons hang around; Electrons they surround The Atoms Family.
The Nucleus
Proton-A positively charged sub-atomic particle (+). Atomic Mass=1 amu The number of protons is the same as the atomic number
Li
7
The Nucleus
Neutrons A sub-atomic particle in the nucleus --Has a mass equal to 1 atomic mass unit --Neutron do not have a charge (0) To calculate the number of neutrons in an element
Li
7
The atomic Themass atomic mass
The Atom
Valence Electrons
The outer most electrons Valence electrons are responsible for bonding
Bohr Model
The first shell can have 2 electrons The second shell can have 8 electrons
Periodic Table
Groups- Arranged by the number of valence electrons Each group has similar bonding properties Periods-Arranged by increasing atomic weight Periods have the same number of shells
Example: Group 11 valence electron Group 22 valence electrons Group 33 valence electrons Example: Period 11 valence shell Period 22 valence shells Period 33 valence shells
Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Groups go down on the periodic table Elements in the same group, have the same number of valence electrons
Hydrogen
1= Proton
1= electron
Helium
2=protons 2=electrons
2=neutrons
Lithium
3=protons 3=electrons
4=neutrons
Fluorine
9=protons 9=electrons
10=neutrons
Argon
18=protons 18=electrons
22=neutrons