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Vocabulary

ATOM-An atom is the smallest unit that maintains the characteristics of an element
Nucleus- The center of the atom, contains protons and neutrons Electron Cloud Region surrounding the nucleus containing the electrons

ELEMENT- A chemical substance that is composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the nucleus

The Atom

The Atom

Nucleus
Protons Neutrons

Chorus: They are so small. (Snap, snap) Theyre round like a ball. (Snap, snap) They make up the air. Theyre everywhere. Cant see them at all. (Snap, snap) Chorus: They are so small. (Snap, snap) Theyre round like a ball. (Snap, snap) They make up the air. Theyre everywhere. Cant see them at all. (Snap, snap) 1st Verse: Theyre tiny and theyre teeny, Much smaller than a beany, They never can be seeny, The Atoms Family.

2nd Verse: Together they make gases, And liquids like molasses, And all the solid masses, The Atoms Family

Chorus: They are so small. (Snap, snap) Theyre round like a ball. (Snap, snap) They make up the air. Theyre everywhere. Cant see them at all. (Snap, snap) 3rd Verse: Neutrons can be found, Where protons hang around; Electrons they surround The Atoms Family.

http://www.g eocities.com/Y osemite/Rapid s/1111/adams famsong.htm

The Nucleus
Proton-A positively charged sub-atomic particle (+). Atomic Mass=1 amu The number of protons is the same as the atomic number

Li
7

The Atomic Symbol

The atomic Themass atomic mass

The Nucleus
Neutrons A sub-atomic particle in the nucleus --Has a mass equal to 1 atomic mass unit --Neutron do not have a charge (0) To calculate the number of neutrons in an element

The atomic mass -The atomic number The number of neutrons

Li
7
The atomic Themass atomic mass

The atomic number

The Atom

The Electron Cloud


Electrons The number of electrons equals the number of protons Sub-atomic particle with a negative charge (-) Mass of an electron is negligible Electrons behave as if in a 3-D orbit

Valence Electrons
The outer most electrons Valence electrons are responsible for bonding

Bohr Model
The first shell can have 2 electrons The second shell can have 8 electrons

Shells and the Electron Cloud

Periodic Table
Groups- Arranged by the number of valence electrons Each group has similar bonding properties Periods-Arranged by increasing atomic weight Periods have the same number of shells
Example: Group 11 valence electron Group 22 valence electrons Group 33 valence electrons Example: Period 11 valence shell Period 22 valence shells Period 33 valence shells

Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Periods go across on the periodic table

Periods have the same number of shells

Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Groups go down on the periodic table Elements in the same group, have the same number of valence electrons

Lets look at a few elements

Hydrogen

1= Proton

1= electron

Lets look at a few elements

Helium

2=protons 2=electrons

2=neutrons

Lets look at a few elements

Lithium

3=protons 3=electrons

4=neutrons

Lets look at a few elements

Fluorine

9=protons 9=electrons

10=neutrons

Lets look at a few elements

Argon

18=protons 18=electrons

22=neutrons

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