Experiences and practices on State Estimation in RTE (French Transmission System Operator) Patrick Panciatici (RTE), Yacine Hassaine (RTE)
2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation
Presentation of SE in RTE
RTE operates the whole French transmission system : (400kV to 63kV, 2500
substations, 100300 km of circuits and 1150 transformers), 7 regional control centers and 1 National
State Estimation provides input for all networks analysis
Measurements, Topology Electrical characteristics
State Estimation
Coherent state
Measurements are received every 10 s. An event is sent, when the status of a switching device changes
Which kind of measurements ? Active and reactive power flows on branches, Active and reactive powers on load and generators, Voltage magnitudes in substation on busbars, Internal substation current measurements and tap positions are not transmitted.
2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation, 2
Presentation of SE in RTE
Network modeling :
National level : SE runs every 5mn 400 kV and 225 kV A part of external surrounding networks is represented in details ( size around 1200 nodes) Regional level (7): SE runs every 10mn From 63 kV to 400 kV A part of external surrounding networks is represented in details. (average size around 1000 nodes)
2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation,
Presentation of SE in RTE
Snapshot Generation : Consistency between topology and measurements Inconsistent
Snapshot Measurements (t) Measurements (t+10)
t
switching
t+10
A new status may arrive before measurements affected by the switching, this could lead to an incoherent state between topology and measurements and to a problem in state estimation.
To minimize the probability of occurrence of this problem, we apply a very important and classical rule to generate a snapshot We wait 20s to generate a snapshot after the reception of the last switching device status. IEEE PES General Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation, A snapshot is2008 generated after Meeting: 1mn even if the condition isnt fulfilled 4
Presentation of SE in RTE
Observability :
A numerical observability is used, with a decoupled Jacobian matrix. better numerical robustness in SE Critical pseudo-measurements are added in unobservable areas to restore
observability. no effect on estimated states The EHV network is more observable than HV network. pair measurement s ( P,Q) in EHV sometimes not in HV The percentage of observable nodes varies from 80% to 92%.
2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation,
Presentation of SE in RTE
Computing algorithms :
For real time : A classical L2 cost function is minimized using Gauss-Newton
algorithm
For off line data validation : A M-estimation function is minimized using a trust
generators
Maximum values are taken into account If the estimated nodal injection is greater than the total of maximum values, a fictitious
2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation, load is created to balance the system. 6
Presentation of SE in RTE
data. This hypothesis is not always satisfied, in this case robust state estimation helps to find the problem. We define two kind of robustness:
Numerical robustness, it deals with the reduction of divergence Trust region method Bad data robustness, which reduce the bad data effect. M-estimator rather L2 estimator
2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation, 7
Presentation of SE in RTE
Visualization
The same tool in : Real time Study mode. we can load a snapshot (green :
possible between :
Estimated state Measured state
Figure : The EHV network of RTE (study mode) 2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation, 8
Presentation of SE in RTE
Visualization :
2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation,
Use of SE in RTE
a.
2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation,
10
. .
Merging of 7 regional corrected states (EHV-HV)
2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation,
11
A global quality index based on these criteria is given to each reference base case.
2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation, 12
2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation,
13
improved first.
In our case the first limiting factor is the LAN at substation level ( old protocol using 8 bits for measurements). 2008 IEEE PES General Meeting: Panel on Best Practices in State Estimation,
14