Using M&E to Improve

Development Strategy
Lessons from Madagascar
 The Madagascar Action Plan-MAP

A Well-structured, concise and

extremely well-advertised document.

http://www.un.org/esa/coordination/Alliance/MADAGASCAR%20ACTION%20PLAN.htm
 MAP Document
• Eight Commitments (Not as broad as
pillars)
• Each Commitment presents 5 aspects:
– Current Situation (mini-Diagnostic)
– Objectives
– Strategies
– Priority Projects and Activities
– Indicators
MAP Example
 From MAP to Results Framework
Structure for the Results Matrix:
• Objective
• Expected Result
• Indicator
• Baseline
• Year by Year Targets for the PRS or national
development plan
• Vehicle for producing the data (survey, annual
report, etc.)
• Accountability-Agency/Ministry responsible
 Issues for Results Framework

• Selection of ‘SMART’ monitoring

indicators
• Reducing the need for survey-based data
• Integrating the Results Framework into
implementation
 S-M-A-R-T-Quick Review
• S-pecific
• M-easurable (or Monitorable)
• A-chievable (and/or A-ttributable)
• R-elevant (and/or R-ealistic)
• T-ime-Bound
 SMART Indicators-Examples
If the PDO is “To improve the food safety and quality of key
meat products from smallholders in selected provinces ”

What would the indicator be?…

• Increase in the quality of meat products ?
• Increase in the share of meat products that meet adequate quality
standards ? (Measurable)
• Increase in the share of meat products that meet adequate quality
standards in selected provincial cities ? (Specific)
What about…
• Decrease in the number of safety breaches in targeted production
chains in selected provinces ?
• Decrease in the number (and severity) of safety breaches observed
by veterinary services (slaughterhouses) in targeted production
chains in selected provinces ? (Measurable and specific)
 SMART Indicators-Examples
If the PDO is “Improved national road network and
road user satisfaction through technical,
organizational effectiveness and service delivery”

What would the indicator be?…

• Road user satisfaction increased
• Road user satisfaction increased by at least 20 percent
by 2011 (time-bound)
• Road user satisfaction with the overall performance of
the Southwest province highway increased by at least 20
percent among key stakeholders by 2011 (specific,
relevant ?)
 Strategic Dimensions for M&E

• Sequencing and Timing of Activities

– Strategic links within and between economic
sectors
• Prioritizing Activities
– Budget constraint

What comes first, the strategy or the

indicators?
Green Revolution Linkages
The Green
Revolution

Inputs, technological
packages, fertilizer,
improved seeds
Environmental
Poverty
Reduce Tavy Protection
Reduction Increase
Cultivation E7
yield
Increase
revenue Rural Recurrent budget
Development for protected areas,
reforestation
E4
Improved Market
nutrition surplus
Diversify
agricultural Access to
production improved
services and Plan for
Health products Rural Roads
E5
E2
 Tourism Linkages
Local
Population
E8
Poverty
Reduction
Services
Private Investment, for tourists
Sector knowledge
E6 Tourism
Revenue Eco-tourism
Sector locations

Access to Investment E6
tourist Finance Environment
locations Rural roads, (budget) for
E7
tourist travel protected
information areas
Infrastructure
E2
 Matching Indicators-1
Immediate Agricultural Goal
• Annual rice production in tons
• Rice yields per hectare in Regions 1, 2, 3
Diversification of Agriculture
• Annual non-rice production in tons (e.g.,
tomatoes, spinach, citrus, soybeans, milk)
• HH consumption of non-rice farm products
 Matching Indicators-2
Health Benefits of Improved Diet
• Incidence of malnutrition in children under 5

Revenue Benefits from Sale of Agricultural Surplus

• Producer surplus of non-rice products (Ar/HH)
• Increase in farm revenue in Ar (avg. per HH and regional total)

Environmental Benefits from the Transformation to Modern, Stationary

Agriculture
• Increase in area in hectares under cultivation using GR inputs.
• Decrease in area in hectares under Tavi cultivation
• Reduction in the rate of deforestation (ha/year)
• Budget allocation for the maintenance of protected areas (Ar/ha)
 Good Practice
• Begin with the initial national development
plan with its diagnostics and relevant
objectives and activities.
• Progress to Results Framework with
SMART indicators.
• Integrate RF into implementation planning
• Incorporate strategic elements such as
inter-sector linkages and reinforce
indicator selection.